夏热冬冷地区秸秆生物质材料在农村住宅屋顶保温层中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 03:03

本文选题：夏热冬冷地区　切入点：秸秆　出处：《华北水利水电大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：低碳绿色发展已成为当今社会的发展趋势。人们对于化石能源的超负荷使用,导致了能源、环境问题日趋严重,利用生物质能源成为当今趋势。在我国的农村地区,生物质能源数量巨大、种类丰富。其中,利用秸秆制作的生物质材料具有高热阻特性,可作为建筑节能保温材料。然而,秸秆随意丢弃、直接焚烧的情况严重,违背了低碳绿色发展的要求。大量生物质能源秸秆的改进利用已成为社会难题。农村住宅的设计施工基本处于自发建设状态,既没有针对性的农村住宅屋顶节能标准,又缺乏规范的住宅建筑技术指导,所以夏热冬冷地区不主动设置保温层的现象普遍存在,以致其热工性能差。在外围护结构中屋顶部分,能耗贡献率较大,造成了农村住宅建筑能源消耗较高。因此,在改善农村住宅屋顶的保温性能的实践中,利用秸秆的生物质材料则成为理想的建筑屋顶保温材料。本文作为2015年度河南省科技攻关计划(高新技术领域)项目(编号B20142192)——秸秆在农村住宅屋顶保温层中的应用研究的重要组成部分,在老师的指导下开展了试验研究。本文在认真分析国内外秸秆建筑的研究现状和现有试验资料的基础上,在信阳市选取比较典型的村落,进行实地走访和调查研究,了解农村住宅屋顶保温层的保温性能和秸秆处理、利用的现状;通过理论分析和试验资料相结合的方法,考虑秸秆掺和量、秸秆骨料长度、秸秆去皮与否、秸秆种类以及秸秆试块厚度等因素,制作不同比例的秸秆试块(玉米、芝麻秸秆),利用JW-III热流计式导热仪研究其导热系数以确定热工性能好坏,并通过抗压试验确定其最终的配合比。通过对不同比例秸秆试块的实验研究,确定最适宜的秸秆屋顶保温层配合比,总结了秸秆屋顶保温层的制作工艺,经过建设实践后,能够在夏热冬冷地区农村住宅进行推广和使用,以达到改善农村地区的人居环境、降低能源消耗等目标。本项目下一步的研究方向是秸秆屋顶保温层的施工规程及实际应用推广。此外,还有一些未考虑的因素,如是否其他种类的生物质材料屋顶保温层也可以达到更好的保温效果;秸秆骨料和水泥粘结性差能否通过加胶等粘结剂解决等,这些问题还需要以后进一步研究解决。
[Abstract]:Low-carbon green development has become the development trend of the society today. The overload of fossil energy causes the energy and environmental problems become more and more serious, and the use of biomass energy becomes the current trend. Biomass energy is huge in quantity and rich in variety. Among them, biomass materials made from straw have high thermal resistance and can be used as building energy conservation and thermal insulation materials. However, straw is discarded at will and incinerated directly. The improvement and utilization of a large amount of biomass energy straw has become a social problem. The design and construction of rural housing is basically in a state of spontaneous construction, and there is no targeted energy saving standard for the roof of rural housing. Because of the lack of standard technical guidance of residential buildings, the phenomenon of not actively setting insulation layers in hot summer and cold winter areas is widespread, resulting in poor thermal performance. The energy consumption contribution rate of the roof part of the outer enclosure structure is large. Therefore, in the practice of improving the thermal insulation performance of rural housing roof, Biomass material using straw is an ideal material for building roof insulation. This paper is used as the project of Henan Province Science and Technology Project (high-tech field) in 2015 (No. B201421922)-Straw should be used in the thermal insulation layer of rural housing roof. Using important components of research, Under the guidance of the teacher, the experimental study was carried out. Based on the analysis of the current research situation and the existing experimental data of straw buildings at home and abroad, this paper selected some typical villages in Xinyang City and conducted field visits and investigations. To understand the thermal insulation performance of the roof insulation layer of rural housing and the current situation of straw treatment and utilization, to consider the amount of straw, the length of straw aggregate, the peeling or not of straw through the method of combining theoretical analysis with experimental data. Different proportion of straw (corn, sesame straw) were made by straw type and the thickness of straw sample. The thermal conductivity of straw was studied by using JW-III heat flux meter to determine the thermal performance of corn and sesame straw. Through the experimental study on the different proportion of straw, the optimum proportion of the straw roof insulation layer is determined, and the making technology of the straw roof insulation layer is summarized. After the construction practice, the process of making the straw roof insulation layer is summarized. To be able to popularize and use rural housing in hot summer and cold winter areas in order to improve the living environment in rural areas, The next research direction of this project is the construction rules of straw roof insulation layer and its practical application. In addition, there are some unconsidered factors. Such as whether other kinds of biomass material roof insulation layer can also achieve better thermal insulation effect; whether the poor adhesion of straw aggregate and cement can be solved by glue and other binder, these problems need to be further studied and solved in the future.
【学位授予单位】：华北水利水电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TU111.41;TU531

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