建筑工人疲劳与安全绩效的关系

发布时间：2018-03-12 20:52

本文选题：建筑工人　切入点：疲劳　出处：《清华大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：建筑工人疲劳是导致当前建筑业事故多发的重要原因。然而，现有研究尚未明确指出建筑工人疲劳与安全绩效之间的定量关系，难以对建筑工人的疲劳管理提供有效指导。因此，本研究分别针对建筑工人疲劳及安全绩效开发了相应的测量方法/工具，并基于实验测量数据分析了两者之间的定量关系。首先，本研究开发了中英文两个版本的《建筑工人疲劳评价量表》。通过文献调研、专家研讨、建筑工人访谈的方法，本研究先开发了英文版量表，并在美国建筑工人中检验了量表的信度和效度；及后，通过量表翻译及工人访谈修订了对应的中文版量表，并在中国建筑工人中检验了中文版量表的信度和效度。然后，本研究基于建筑工作的典型任务设计了建筑工人安全绩效的实验测量方法。本研究选取了“人工搬运任务”作为实验模拟的典型任务，设计并制作了相应的实验装置以模拟任务过程中的危险并检测危险应对的结果，通过“任务失误”（未能避开危险）来反映建筑工人的安全绩效。此外，本研究以20名钢筋工为对象开展了预实验及实验后访谈，验证了实验设计及实验装置的有效性，，并确定了合理的实验任务难度。运用上述量表及实验测量方法，本研究以10名钢筋工为对象开展实验，测量了他们在实验过程中的疲劳及安全绩效的变化情况，并基于测量数据分析了两者之间的定量关系。主要分析结果包括：1）以《建筑工人疲劳评价量表》为测量工具，当评分在20以内时，疲劳影响并不明显，当评分大于20时，失误随疲劳的发展呈显著的线性增加趋势；2）在疲劳影响初期，工人的失误主要是由于危险感知失效导致的，而随着疲劳程度的加深，工人由于运动控制失效而导致的失误逐渐增多；3）工人的大部分失误为“无意识失误”（即工人并不清楚该失误的出现），疲劳在导致失误率上升的同时还降低了工人对自身失误的感知能力。本研究同时探讨了上述分析结果对建筑工人疲劳管理的启示。本研究为建筑工人的疲劳测量开发了适用量表，为建筑工人的安全绩效测量设计了实验方法，揭示了建筑工人疲劳与安全绩效之间的定量关系，深化了对建筑工人疲劳的认识，同时为施工现场的疲劳管理提供了理论依据。
[Abstract]:The fatigue of construction workers is an important cause of the frequent accidents in construction industry. However, the quantitative relationship between fatigue and safety performance of construction workers has not been clearly pointed out. It is difficult to provide effective guidance for the fatigue management of construction workers. Therefore, this study developed the corresponding measurement methods / tools for fatigue and safety performance of construction workers, and analyzed the quantitative relationship between them based on the experimental data. First of all, this study has developed the Chinese and English versions of the "Building Workers fatigue Assessment scale". Through literature research, expert discussion, construction workers interview methods, this study first developed the English version of the scale. The reliability and validity of the scale were tested in American construction workers, and the reliability and validity of the scale were tested in Chinese construction workers by means of translation of the scale and interview with workers. Then, based on the typical tasks of construction work, the experimental measurement method of construction workers' safety performance is designed. In this study, "manual handling task" is selected as the typical task of experimental simulation. A corresponding experimental device was designed and made to simulate the hazard during the task and to detect the results of the hazard response, and to reflect the safety performance of the construction worker by "mission error" (failing to avoid the danger). In this study, 20 rebar workers were selected to conduct pre-experiment and post-experiment interviews to verify the effectiveness of the experimental design and the experimental device, and to determine the reasonable difficulty of the experiment task. Using the above scale and the method of experimental measurement, the experiment was carried out with 10 steel bar workers, and the changes of fatigue and safety performance of 10 steel workers during the experiment were measured. The quantitative relationship between them is analyzed based on the measurement data. The main results include: (1) taking the Building Workers fatigue Evaluation scale as the measuring tool, the fatigue effect is not obvious when the score is less than 20, and when the score is greater than 20:00, In the early stage of fatigue effect, the failure of workers was mainly caused by perceived failure of risk, and with the deepening of fatigue, there was a significant linear increase in the trend of errors with fatigue development. (3) most of workers' errors are "unconscious errors" (that is, workers are not aware of the occurrence of this error, fatigue has led to an increase in the error rate while reducing the workers. At the same time, this study discusses the enlightenment of the above results to the fatigue management of construction workers. This study developed a suitable scale for fatigue measurement of construction workers, designed an experimental method for the safety performance measurement of construction workers, and revealed the quantitative relationship between fatigue and safety performance of construction workers. It also provides theoretical basis for fatigue management of construction site.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU714

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