商场人员疏散影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 07:46

本文选题：公共聚集场所　切入点：安全疏散　出处：《中国矿业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来，商场火灾事故和拥挤踩踏事故频繁发生，人员群体安全疏散问题对社会产生了极大震动，引起各相关部门人员的高度重视。本文针对商场这一公共聚集场所，采用人员监测统计软件及问卷调查方式，运用统计学分析方法，研究商场内不同出口、不同时间段内人流量、滞留量变化以及人员特征对疏散行为的影响。首先，通过人员统计软件，获取商场主要入口不同时间段的人流量及总进出人流量，并通过黑箱理论，计算出不同时间段内商场人员滞留量。研究结果表明：不同时间段，商场人流量变化较大。5个主要通道中，2号门进出人流量最大，开业当日，2号门入口人流量峰值最高，达到8417人，峰值出现时间为上午10:00。人流高峰主要集中在2013年12月6日、2013年12月24日、2014年1月31日以及2014年2月14日，且四天人流高峰中，除大年初一即1月31日人流量高峰期出现在下午，其他三天高峰主要出现在晚上。年后及工作日，日滞留人数高峰期主要出现在下午14:00及15:00时间段，对于本文研究的其他各时间，滞留人数高峰期主要出现在晚上19:00时间段，开业时期滞留人数高峰值与其他三个时期相差较大。其次，通过组织现场问卷调查，获取数据样本，研究人员特征对疏散心理行为的影响。运用列联表分析方法对统计数据进行分析研究。研究结果表明：身份与出口熟悉度、火灾第一反应以及疏散路径选择之间存在显著的相关关系，工作人员对出口较为熟悉，且更偏向于选择最近出口进行疏散，顾客的火灾第一反应更多的是倾向于告知他人并逃生。年龄与火灾第一反应和疏散路径选择之间存在显著的相关关系，成年女士对于火灾第一反应，倾向于首先选择告知他人并逃生，儿童在选择疏散路径时，，偏向于选择最近出口进行疏散。教育程度与出口熟悉度和疏散路径选择之间存在显著的相关关系，大学及以上人员对出口不太熟悉的人员较多，这可能是与大学及以上人员对商场熟悉度有关，在出现拥堵的时候很少选择向前挤。是否接受过演习或培训与火灾第一反应和出口拥堵状况的影响直接存在显著的相关关系。相较其他人员，接受过演习或培训人员对火灾第一反应，选择采取措施灭火的较多，在出口出现拥堵状况时更多地会选择疏导人群，而其他人员更多地是选择其他出口进行疏散。
[Abstract]:In recent years, fire accidents and stampede accidents in shopping malls have occurred frequently, and the safety evacuation of people has caused a great shock to the society, which has aroused the attention of the relevant departments. This paper aims at the mall as a public gathering place. By means of statistical software and questionnaire survey, the effects of different exits and different time periods on evacuation behavior were studied by means of statistical analysis. First of all, through the personnel statistics software, we obtain the flow of people and the total flow of people in and out of the main entrance of the mall in different time periods, and through the black box theory, calculate the number of people stranded in different time periods. The results show that: different time periods, The number of people in and out of the No. 2 entrance is the largest in and out of the five main passageways. On the opening day, the peak passenger flow at the entrance to the No. 2 entrance reaches 8417 people. The peak time is 10: 00 a.m. the peak of passenger flow is mainly concentrated on December 6, 2013, December 24, 2014, January 31, and February 14, 2014. The peak of the other three days occurred mainly at 14:00 and 15:00 in the evening. After the year and on weekdays, the peak of the daily retention occurred at 14:00 and 15:00. For the other times studied in this paper, the peak of the number of people staying mainly occurred at 19:00 in the evening. The peak value of the number of stranded people in the opening period is quite different from that in the other three periods. Secondly, the influence of the characteristics of the researchers on the psychological behavior of evacuation is analyzed by organizing a questionnaire survey on the spot. The statistical data are analyzed by using the method of column table analysis. The results show that: identity and familiarity of exit, There was a significant correlation between the first fire response and evacuation path selection. The workers were familiar with the exit and preferred to choose the nearest exit for evacuation. There was a significant correlation between age and fire first reaction and evacuation path choice. Children tend to choose the nearest exit to evacuate when they choose the evacuation path. There is a significant correlation between the education level and the familiarity of the exit and the choice of the evacuation path, and there is a significant correlation between the degree of education and the degree of familiarity of the exit and the choice of the evacuation path. University and above personnel are not very familiar with the export personnel, this may be related to the university and above the degree of familiarity with shopping malls, When congestion occurs, there is little choice to move forward. There is a significant correlation between whether or not you have received a drill or training and the impact of the first fire response and the impact of exit congestion. After receiving drills or training personnel to the first response to the fire, more people choose to take measures to extinguish the fire, more people will choose to clear the crowd when the exit is congested, and others will choose the other exit to evacuate more.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU998.1

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