农村饮用水集成式净化装置研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 16:38

本文选题：农村饮用水　切入点：一体化设备　出处：《西南石油大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在我国,粗旷式经济发展模式,导致农村地区饮用水安全受到威胁,中西部地区和一些贫困地区的这种趋势正在加剧。这主要与农村生活习惯、居住分散和企业向城市周边转移等有关。这些因素使农民生活受到很大困扰,身体健康也受到危害。我国农村共67414.5万人,占总人口的50%。享受集中供水的仅占农村总人口的38%。据卫生部调查显示,2013年2月,环保部门首次承认中国存在“癌症村”,已超过500个,主要分布在我国东南地区,这些地方工业排污量大,水体污染严重。目前大面积水源受污染的趋势很难扭转。要保证农民的饮水安全,应该开发小型的净水设备,分散供水。本论文在现有净水理论和实践的基础上,针对农村地表水,设计了净化方案与工艺。工艺设计兼顾集成式装置对结构紧凑要求和净化功能；针对工艺中的强化混凝旋流设备做流场特性研究,完善其功能。选用臭氧预氧化和混凝沉降作为预处理,常规处理段选用可靠的石英砂过滤,深度处理阶段选用紫外线杀菌和膜分离。根据混凝沉降原理,本论文中的旋流强化混凝设备集混合、絮凝、沉降于一体,主要包括混凝区、絮凝区和沉降区。旋流强化混凝器基于现有的涡流式混合设备设计,处理量940L/h(根据供水量确定),应用流体计算软件CFX,依据产水率、三个区域的速度和速度梯度进行功能评价,并以此确定结构优化方案。选标准k-ε湍流模型对其功能进行验证,发现底流口口径、入流口结构、接触面圆角可以有效改善旋流混凝器性能。
[Abstract]:In our country, the rough economic development model has threatened the drinking water security in rural areas, and the trend in the central and western regions and some poor areas is increasing. This is mainly related to the rural life habits. The dispersion of residence is related to the transfer of enterprises to the periphery of the city. These factors have greatly disturbed the life of farmers and endangered their health. There are 674.145 million people in rural areas in China, accounting for 50 percent of the total population. Only 38 percent of the rural population enjoy concentrated water supply. According to a survey by the Ministry of Health, environmental protection authorities acknowledged for the first time that there are more than 500 "cancer villages" in China in February 2013. It is mainly distributed in southeast China, where industrial sewage discharge is large and water pollution is serious. At present, it is difficult to reverse the trend of large area water sources being polluted. To ensure the safety of farmers' drinking water, we should develop small water purification equipment and disperse water supply. On the basis of the existing water purification theory and practice, the purification scheme and process are designed for the rural surface water. The process design gives consideration to the compact structure and purification function of the integrated device. The flow field characteristics of the enhanced coagulation swirl equipment are studied and its function is improved. Ozone preoxidation and coagulation sedimentation are selected as pretreatments, and reliable quartz sand filtration is used in the conventional treatment section. In the advanced treatment stage, ultraviolet sterilization and membrane separation are selected. According to the principle of coagulation and sedimentation, the swirl flow enhanced coagulation equipment in this paper integrates mixing, flocculation and settling, mainly including coagulation zone. Flocculation zone and settlement zone. The cyclone enhanced coagulators are designed on the basis of the existing swirl mixing equipment, with a treatment capacity of 940L / h (determined by the quantity of water supplied, the application of the fluid calculation software CFX, and the functional evaluation of the speed and velocity gradient of the three regions according to the water production rate and the velocity gradient of the three regions. The standard k- 蔚 turbulence model is selected to verify its function. It is found that the performance of the swirl condenser can be improved effectively by the bottom orifice aperture, the structure of the inlet port and the circular angle of the contact surface.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU991.2

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