天津滨海新区中心商务区火灾风险评估及消防站布局研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 10:30

本文选题：中心商务区　切入点：火灾风险评估　出处：《天津大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国城市化进程的加快和经济的快速发展,在一些比较重要的一线城市的地段相继形成了集金融、信息、酒店办公等高度繁荣的区域,即中心商务区。它一般位于这些城市的中心地带,地价最高,这就意味着在城市有限的空间范围内,集聚更多的人口、工业、财富等。为了充分利用地块,大型地下空间、超高层建筑、大型人员密集场所等大量涌现,使中心商务区面临的火灾风险越来越大。鉴于中心商务区的规模和作用,它不仅是地方性的,也具有国际上的影响。例如,天津滨海新区的中心商务区,它不仅是天津的,也是中国的和世界的。由于它的高密度化,使本身具有空间相对封闭性的特征。假如发生火灾,人员疏散比较困难、火灾形势会迅速扩大,扑救不及时就可能会引起经济损失和人员伤亡,往往还会造成深远的国际政治影响。因此,预防和减少中心商务区的火灾风险十分关键。对该类型区域进行火灾风险评估是一项有效降低火灾风险的解决措施。本文通过对城市中心商务区火灾起火的原因、影响因素及区域特征等进行了分析研究,首先建立了适合中心商务区实际情况的比较完善的火灾风险评估指标体系。其次,利用层次分析法来确定各个评价指标的权重,使其能够合理准确地反映各个指标对火灾风险评估结果的影响程度。然后,将评价模型与地理信息系统(ArcGIS)技术结合起来,对研究区域进行了火灾风险评估,并按照不同的风险等级进行子区域的划分。最后,根据城市火灾风险等级分区结果,采用GIS技术嵌合离散定位模型,进行城市消防站布局规划,使消防资源得到合理的配置。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the urbanization process and the rapid economic development in our country, areas of some relatively important first-tier cities have successively formed highly prosperous areas, such as finance, information, hotel offices, and so on. That is, the central business district. It is generally located in the heart of these cities, with the highest land price. This means that within the limited space of the city, more people, industries, wealth, and so on are gathered. In order to make full use of the land lots, large underground space, In view of the scale and function of the central business district, it is not only local, but also international in nature. For example, the central business district is facing more and more fire risks due to the emergence of a large number of high-rise buildings and large places with high staff density. For example, The central business district of Tianjin Binhai New area, which is not only Tianjin's, but also China's and the world's. Because of its high density, it has the characteristics of relatively closed space. If there is a fire, it is more difficult to evacuate people. The fire situation will expand rapidly, and failure to fight and rescue may cause economic losses, casualties, and often far-reaching international political consequences. It is very important to prevent and reduce the fire risk in the central business district. The fire risk assessment is an effective measure to reduce the fire risk. The influencing factors and regional characteristics are analyzed and studied. Firstly, a relatively perfect fire risk assessment index system suitable for the actual situation of the central business district is established. Secondly, the weight of each evaluation index is determined by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). So that it can reflect reasonably and accurately the influence of each index on the fire risk assessment results. Then, combining the evaluation model with GIS / ArcGIS-technology, the fire risk assessment of the study area is carried out. Finally, according to the results of urban fire risk classification, GIS technology is used to chimera the discrete location model to plan the layout of urban fire stations, so that the fire resources can be allocated reasonably.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU998.1

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