海口综合性公园声景调查与研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 23:34

本文选题：声景　切入点：综合性公园　出处：《海南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：城市综合性公园,是人们进行户外活动的主要公共空间,是人们精神生活的重要载体。随着人们生活水平的提高,公园内的整体环境质量越来越受到设计师和游人的关注。然而长期以来,公园的设计一直注重视觉角度,忽视了听觉与声环境的设计。随着声景概念在国内的引进和传播,人们开始重新审视公园景观中的声音环境并关注听者的声音感知。本文在环境心理学、心理声学、景观生态学、空间与场所相关理论和游憩行为理论知识的指导下,对海口已建成的典型综合性公园的声景现状进行了实地调查,通过专业仪器测定了人民公园与白沙门公园各时段各测点声级的变化,对其声景特征做了分析与客观评价。通过问卷调查,了解到园区游人对公园声景现状的主观评价,并以李克特量表法来进行数据处理与分析,结果表明： (1)海口综合性公园声景特征上,主要由自然声、生活声和人工声构成,其比例大小与周边环境和公园的使用情况有关,并分析了其声源特征、时间分布。在声景的客观评价方面,主要对公园各测点声级大小、喧闹度进行了分析和总结。 (2)在游人对公园声景的主观评价方面,分析了声景评价的几个重要指标——主观声响度、好感度与协调度,评选出游人喜欢与不喜欢的十大声音要素。通过好感度与协调度均值的正相关得分,说明声音与周围环境是一个共同的整体,声景是景观环境中的一个重要组成要素。 (3)对“场所——行为——声景”进行研究,分析公园中典型场所空间特性,得到场所空间——人的游憩行为——声景特性的相关规律,并进一步总结了声景的空间分布,作为对声景主客观评价的补充研究。 (4)海口综合性公园声景现状的不足之处：声景的区域特色不明显、人工声过重、声景要素的缺乏、缺乏对声景的认识和管理。 (5)根据研究结果,结合相关理论基础,提炼海口作为热带旅游城市的地域特殊性、热带自然资源的丰富性、文化特殊性等因素,以负设计——减弱或消除评价均值较低的声景要素,正设计——增加区域特色和人们喜爱的声景要素,零设计——对公园好的声音进行保护,这三种设计方法提出改善声景的建议。
[Abstract]:City comprehensive parks, major public space of people engaging in outdoor activities, is an important carrier of people's spiritual life. With the improvement of living standards, the overall quality of the environment more and more designers and park visitors attention. But for a long time, the design has been focusing on the visual angle of the park, ignore the auditory and acoustic environment the concept of soundscape design. With the introduction and spread in China, people began to re-examine the park landscape in the sound environment and sound perception of the listener's attention.
In this paper, environmental psychology, psychological acoustics, landscape ecology, space and place theory and recreational behavior under the guidance of theoretical knowledge, conducted a field survey of typical soundscape comprehensive park in Haikou has been built. The change of each measuring point level people's Park and white Baishamen Park in each period was determined by professional equipment, do the analysis and evaluation of the soundscape characteristics. Through the questionnaire survey, to understand the subjective assessment on the status of park visitors park soundscape, and Li Ke scale method for data processing and analysis, the results show that:
(1) Haikou comprehensive park soundscape characteristics, mainly by the natural sound, sound and sound of artificial life form, the size and proportion on the use of the surrounding environment and parks, and analyzed the sound source characteristics, time distribution. In the objective evaluation of the soundscape, mainly to the park level of each measuring point size the degree of noise, are analyzed and summarized.
(2) the visitors in the subjective evaluation of the soundscape Park, analyzes several important indicators of soundscape evaluation, subjective loudness, favorability and coordination degree, selection of travel and love love of the ten elements of sound. Through positive correlation with degree and coordination degree mean score, indicating that the sound and the surrounding environment is a common whole soundscape is one of the most important elements in the landscape environment.
(3) the study of "place behavior soundscape", typical space characteristic analysis in the park, related law places -- people's recreational behavior -- soundscape, and further summarized the distribution of soundscape in space, as a supplement to the study of subjective and objective evaluation of the soundscape.
(4) the shortcomings of the soundscape of Haikou comprehensive park: the regional characteristics of soundscape are not obvious, the manual voice is too heavy, the soundscape elements are lacking, and there is a lack of awareness and management of soundscape.
(5) according to the research results, combined with the related theory, the regionality of extracting Haikou as a tropical tourist city, rich tropical natural resources, cultural and other special factors, in order to reduce or eliminate the negative -- Design of soundscape evaluation mean low, positive design - increase regional characteristics and people's favorite sound the design of landscape elements, zero Park sound protection, put forward to improve the soundscape proposal of these three design methods.

【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU986.5

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