鲁西北地区民居建筑的地域文化研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 01:12

本文选题：鲁西北　切入点：民居建筑　出处：《山东建筑大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：鲁西北民居受自然环境、文化背景、经济基础等因素影响,形成了适应北方平原环境、融合黄河与运河文化、形成以自然适应性为基础、社会适应性为动力、文化适应性为核心内容的的独特的民居建筑形式和文化内涵。本文通过整合相关领域历史资料和前人研究成果,通过实地调研获得数据,从村落聚居、民居建造材料技术、民居采光与通风等方面分析了鲁西北地区民居建筑的技术特性。在总结鲁西北民居独特的地域技术特征和文化时代精神的基础上挖掘鲁西北地区民居建筑的人文艺术品格,以鲁西北文化为面,以文化交流方式为线,以典型建筑作品为点,“点-线-面”结合形成整体系统的研究方法。 “建筑是文化的现象,也是文化的载体。”[1]分析和研究鲁西北地区文化精神内涵是深入探讨该地区建筑审美文化的基本条件,笔者结合鲁西北文化背景从价值取向、社会心理、思维方式和审美理想四个层面探讨了鲁西北地区文化的基本精神。总结出鲁西北地区以黄河文化为底本,经过运河文化、中西文化的影响形成了具有南北交融,中西结合的文化类型,呈现出多元化、原生态、整体性的文化特征。自古以来,鲁西北生土民居中蕴含的自然而朴素的气候观念和建造技术是当地居民顺应自然、利用自然的产物。随着经济的增长,人们的生活水平提高,鲁西北生土民居的建筑材料,正在由土、草、麦秸变成砖、石灰、水泥,进而向钢筋混凝土发展,目前数量减少面临消失。本文着重介绍了鲁西北地区生土民居的地域性特点,并对生土民居保护与利用提出了自己的建议。作为鲁西北平原的主要城市,德州、聊城、滨州民居具有典型的北方平原民居特点,京杭大运河开通之后,德州、临清、聊城又成为重要的码头城市,从而使整个地区的民居形式受到了运河文化带来的影响,形成了具有明显运河文化痕迹的北方民居形式。本文结合建筑案例分析了明清时期德州、聊城和临清的城市民居,采用整体分析的方法,并从聚落形式、院落布局、建筑形式等方面系统整合了运河沿岸地区传统民居的特点,并针对该地区民居形式的传承与保护提出了建议。在实地调研的基础上,笔者发现鲁西北地区乡村新民居文化尚未形成,城市与乡村的趋同现象。鲁西北乡村由于经济增长方式和生活习惯的改变使乡村中心地带出现空置率高、文化内涵缺失的情况。本文在整合分析传统民居的空间形态及文化内涵,寄希望于在在鲁西北新农村建设中,以地域人文品格的民众心理、思维方式、审美理想和价值取向为出发点,结合本土的环境因素与社会文化,以改善人的居住、活动的环境空间为根本目的去寻找适合鲁西北新农村发展实践的道路。
[Abstract]:Affected by natural environment, cultural background, economic base and so on, the residential houses in northwest Shandong are formed to adapt to the environment of the North Plain, merge the culture of the Yellow River and Canal, and form the natural adaptability as the foundation and the social adaptability as the motive force. Cultural adaptability as the core content of the unique residential building form and cultural connotation. In this paper, through the integration of related historical data and previous research results, through field research to obtain data, from village settlements, residential construction materials technology, This paper analyzes the technical characteristics of residential buildings in Northwest Shandong from the aspects of lighting and ventilation, and excavates the humanistic and artistic character of residential buildings in Northwest Shandong on the basis of summing up the unique regional technical characteristics and the spirit of cultural epoch. Taking the culture of northwest Shandong as the face, taking the cultural exchange as the line and the typical architectural works as the point, the research method of "dot-line-plane" is combined to form the whole system. "Architecture is not only a cultural phenomenon but also a carrier of culture." [1] analyzing and studying the cultural spirit connotation of Northwest Shandong is the basic condition of deeply discussing the aesthetic culture of architecture in this region. The author combines the cultural background of Northwest Shandong with the value orientation, social psychology, and social psychology. Four levels of thinking mode and aesthetic ideal discuss the basic spirit of culture in northwestern Shandong. It is concluded that northwest Shandong takes the Yellow River culture as its base, and the influence of Chinese and western cultures has formed a mixture of north and south through canal culture. The cultural types of the combination of China and the West show the cultural characteristics of diversity, original ecology and integrity. Since ancient times, the natural and simple climate concept and construction technology contained in the native dwelling houses in northwest Shandong are the products of local residents adapting to nature and utilizing nature. With the economic growth, people's living standards have improved. The building materials of native soil houses in northwest Shandong are changing from soil, grass, wheat straw to brick, lime, cement, and then to reinforced concrete. At the same time, the author puts forward his own suggestions on the protection and utilization of native dwellings. As the main cities in the northwest plain of Shandong, Dezhou, Liaocheng and Binzhou are typical northern plain houses. After the opening of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, Texas, Linqing and Liaocheng became important wharf cities. As a result, the residential forms of the whole area are influenced by the canal culture, and the northern folk houses with obvious traces of canal culture are formed. This paper analyzes the urban houses of Texas, Liaocheng and Linqing in Ming and Qing dynasties with architectural cases. By using the method of overall analysis, this paper systematically integrates the characteristics of traditional residential buildings along the canal coast from the aspects of settlement form, yard layout and architectural form, and puts forward some suggestions for the inheritance and protection of residential forms in this area. On the basis of field investigation, the author found that the culture of new rural houses in northwest Shandong has not yet been formed. Due to the change of economic growth mode and living habits, the vacancy rate in the rural center of rural areas is high. This paper analyzes the spatial form and cultural connotation of traditional residential buildings, and hopes that in the construction of the new rural areas in Northwest Shandong Province, the people's psychology and thinking mode of the regional humanistic character will be used in the process of integrating and analyzing the spatial forms and cultural connotations of the traditional houses. Aesthetic ideal and value orientation as the starting point, combined with the local environmental factors and social culture, in order to improve people's living, the basic purpose of the environmental space of activities to find a suitable way for the development of the new rural areas in Northwest Shandong.
【学位授予单位】：山东建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU241.5;TU-05

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