生态视角下城镇上山实施回顾与规划对策

发布时间：2018-04-01 01:34

本文选题：生态　切入点：城镇上山　出处：《重庆大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：山多地少、耕地资源稀缺和大部分县市地处丘陵山区是我国的基本国情，全国山地（包括丘陵、高原）面积占了国土面积的69%。随着工业化、城镇化的快速发展，优质耕地大量减少，严重威胁粮食安全和经济社会可持续发展。据国土资源部资料显示，近年来全国每年实际新增建设用地都超过1000万亩，超出当年计划指标300万～400万亩，供需差额在1/3以上。保障经济和保护资源的“两难”局面和“双重”压力日益突出。为减少城镇建设对农耕地的冲击，统筹协调好城乡建设与耕地保护之间的矛盾，一些地方政府进行了开发利用低丘缓坡地的探索与尝试，建设了多个工业园区，有的省区还制定了城镇上山、工业上山的具体政策。研究中所指的“城镇上山”是指转换土地利用方式，使建设用地“上山”，即利用低丘缓坡地来搞城镇建设，它是国内山地城市面对新型城镇化和破解“两难”问题的战略选择。2012年3月，国土资源部出台《低丘缓坡荒滩等未利用土地开发利用试点工作指导意见》，并确定了重庆、云南、浙江、湖北、宁夏等11个省（市、自治区）作为政策实施的试点省份。我国设立低丘缓坡利用试点、实施“城镇上山”战略的初衷是保护耕地和保障发展，但经过一段时间的发展，部分地方在低丘缓坡资源开发利用中借“试点”名义进行“圈山”运动，存在诸如“一哄而起”上项目、盲目“上山”、过度开发等多方面问题，导致低丘缓坡土地资源的粗放浪费利用、破坏了低丘缓坡地区的生态环境。论文在对目前国内“城镇上山”案例进行梳理的基础上，初步总结出城镇上山的基本特征：生态后果群发性、潜在变异性、非法定性、多部门联动性，并对其产生的生态负面影响进行了深入的分析，从行业内的编制规划管理和行业外的政策对接两方面提出了规划对策。研究的出发点是政策实证分析，落脚点是规划对策。总体思路是：分析现象—揭示问题—剖析根源—规划对策。论文的第一章和第二章都是为实质性研究提供铺垫，阐述论文的研究基础，，回答了“为什么研究‘城镇上山’”。核心章节的结构安排是：第三章“城镇上山”实施回顾分析，回答了“‘城镇上山’好不好”；第四章生态化对策研究，从行业内的规划编制和行业外的政策对接角度回答了“如何兼顾生态保护”。第五章结论与展望。对可以进一步深化研究的方向进行了简要的探讨。
[Abstract]:The basic national conditions of our country are the scarcity of arable land resources, the scarcity of cultivated land resources and the fact that most counties and cities are located in hilly and mountainous areas. The mountainous areas (including hills and highlands) account for 69% of the national land area. With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, The reduction of high-quality arable land has seriously threatened food security and sustainable economic and social development. According to data from the Ministry of Land and Resources, in recent years, the country has actually added more than 10 million mu of construction land each year, exceeding the planned target of 3 million to 4 million mu in recent years. The gap between supply and demand is more than one third. The dilemma and double pressure of protecting economy and protecting resources are becoming more and more prominent. In order to reduce the impact of urban construction on agricultural land and coordinate the contradiction between urban and rural construction and cultivated land protection, some local governments have explored and tried to develop and utilize gentle sloping land in low hills, and constructed several industrial parks. Some provinces and autonomous regions have formulated specific policies for cities and towns to climb mountains and industrial ones. In the study, "urban mountain" refers to the conversion of land use mode to make construction land "up mountain", that is, the use of low hills and gentle sloping land to carry out urban construction. In March 2012, the Ministry of Land and Resources issued the guidance for the Development and Utilization of unused Land, such as low Hilly and mild Slope Desert, and determined Chongqing, Yunnan, China. Zhejiang, Hubei, Ningxia and other 11 provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions) as pilot provinces to implement the policy. The original intention of implementing the strategy of "town climbing" was to protect cultivated land and ensure development, but after a period of development, China set up a pilot project for the use of low hills and gentle slopes, and implemented the strategy of "going up mountains in cities and towns". In some places, in the name of "pilot projects" in the development and utilization of low-hill gentle slope resources, there are many problems such as "rolling up" projects, blindly "going up mountains", and over-exploiting, and so on. It leads to extensive waste and utilization of land resources on low hill gentle slope and destroys the ecological environment of low hill gentle slope area. On the basis of combing the current domestic cases of "urban mountain", the paper preliminarily summarizes the basic characteristics of urban "mountain": ecological consequences of mass occurrence, potential variability, non-legal nature, multi-sector interaction, The negative ecological impact is analyzed deeply, and planning countermeasures are put forward from the two aspects of planning management in the industry and policy docking outside the industry. The starting point of the study is the empirical analysis of the policy. The overall idea is to analyze phenomena-reveal problems-analyze root causes-planning countermeasures. The first and second chapters of the thesis provide the foundation for the substantive research, explain the research foundation of the thesis, and answer "Why study the mountain of the town". The structure of the core chapter is as follows: the third chapter "the town goes up the mountain" carries out the retrospective analysis. The answer is "is it good to go up the mountain in cities and towns"; the fourth chapter is a study of ecological countermeasures, From the angle of planning in industry and policy docking outside the industry, the author answers "how to take ecological protection into account". Chapter 5, conclusion and prospect, briefly discuss the direction of further research.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984

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