室外热环境因素对人体热舒适的影响

发布时间：2018-04-04 06:24

  本文选题：热环境　切入点：热舒适　出处：《中南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着人们生活水平的提高,人们对室外活动的空间和时间需求日益增加。热舒适直接影响居民的健康、出行以及工作效率。尤其近年来高温热浪事件频发、城市热岛效应与年俱增,室外热舒适问题逐渐受到关注。室外热环境对人体热舒适的影响是急需解决的基础问题之一。尽管室外热舒适相关研究已逐步开展,但仍存在以下局限性：(1)热环境因素对人体热舒适的影响缺乏系统的定量化研究；(2)反映人体热舒适的指标并未统一,各指标存在何种定量关系尚不明确；(3)国内外缺乏基础性实验研究,实验样本极为有限。因此,本文针对以上三点结合我国气候特征对热环境因素对人体热舒适的影响进行系统研究。 本文对湖南省长沙市街道、公园、广场、校园等典型公共空间进行为期近两年的实地测量与问卷调查,获得热环境参数(包括空气温度、相对湿度、风速、黑球温度等)和受试者的主观热反应(包括热感觉投票、热舒适投票、热可接受度投票等)等数据信息。有效样本数共计8150份。采用统计学方法对热感觉投票、热舒适投票、热可接受度投票建立两两之间的定量关系。在此基础上,建立空气温度、湿度、风速及太阳辐射等热环境参数与热感觉投票的定量关系。通过多因素方差分析定量化热环境因素对人体热感觉影响显著性程度,通过多元回归拟合建立热环境因素对人体热感觉的影响关系模型。 研究结果如下：(1)室外热环境下热感觉、热舒适与热可接受度两两之间存在良好的相关性,热感觉与热舒适、热感觉与热可接受度之间均呈现二次曲线关系,热舒适与热可接受度具有线性变化关系。(2)热感觉与空气温度、太阳辐射呈线性正相关,与风速呈线性负相关。空气温度升高1℃,热感觉提高0.141个标度；黑球—空气温度差值升高1℃,热感觉提高0.084个标度；风速升高1m/s,热感觉下降0.354个标度。湿度对热感觉的影响作用仍有待进一步研究。(3)空气温度是影响热感觉最重要的因素,其影响权重约占总体热环境的65%,太阳辐射次之,比例约为20%,绝对湿度与风速的影响权重很小,分别仅占到不到10%。 研究结果表明,室外热环境因素对人体热舒适具有显著影响,这可为准确评价室外环境下人体热舒适奠定理论基础,进而为营造舒适健康的城市热环境提供可靠的理论依据。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of people's living standard, the demand for space and time for outdoor activities is increasing day by day.Thermal comfort directly affects residents' health, travel and working efficiency.Especially in recent years, the urban heat island effect is increasing year by year, and the outdoor thermal comfort problem has been paid more and more attention.The influence of outdoor thermal environment on human thermal comfort is one of the basic problems that need to be solved.Although the research on outdoor thermal comfort has been carried out step by step, there are still some limitations: 1) the influence of thermal environment factors on human body thermal comfort is lack of systematic quantitative research. 2) the index of reflecting human body thermal comfort is not uniform.The quantitative relationship between each index is not clear. (3) there is a lack of basic experimental research at home and abroad, and the experimental samples are very limited.Therefore, this paper makes a systematic study on the influence of the thermal environment factors on the thermal comfort of the human body according to the above three points combined with the climatic characteristics of China.In this paper, some typical public spaces in Changsha, Hunan Province, such as streets, parks, squares, campuses and other typical public spaces, were measured and investigated for nearly two years, and the thermal environment parameters (including air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed) were obtained.The subjective thermal response (including thermal sensation voting, thermal comfort voting, thermal acceptability voting, etc.).The total number of valid samples was 8150.A statistical method was used to establish the quantitative relationship among the hot sensation vote, the thermal comfortable vote and the heat acceptability vote.On this basis, the quantitative relationship between the thermal environmental parameters such as air temperature, humidity, wind speed and solar radiation is established.The influence of thermal environmental factors on human body thermal sensation was quantified by multivariate variance analysis, and the relationship model of thermal environmental factors on human body thermal sensation was established by multivariate regression fitting.The results are as follows: (1) there is a good correlation between thermal comfort and thermal acceptability in outdoor thermal environment, and there is a conic relationship between thermal sensation and thermal comfort, and between thermal sensation and thermal acceptability.The relationship between thermal comfort and thermal acceptability is linear. (2) Thermal sensation is positively correlated with air temperature, solar radiation is linearly positive, and negatively correlated with wind speed.When the air temperature rises 1 鈩，

本文编号：1708752