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PFC边坡模型构建问题研究

发布时间:2018-04-09 09:43

  本文选题:PFC 切入点:粗糙度效应 出处:《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文


【摘要】:中国地形地貌复杂,在工程建设过程中,尤其是大型水电、高速公路工程中会遇到大量的高大边坡。如何对这些边坡进行合理设计,就成了一个需要考虑的关键性问题。由于岩土体本身的复杂性,采用常规的数学和物理方法会耗费大量的精力和财力,在快速发展的今天,这些方法也慢慢被数值模拟方法取代。在数值方法中,一个最需要考虑,也是最为关键的问题就是模型构建问题。能否构建出较为合理的模型,将直接决定设计成果是否科学、可行。高速公路建设中,山区的路堤大多使用碎石或者隧道开挖弃渣等散粒体材料进行填筑。而对于散粒体材料,使用离散单元法进行分析往往更加合适。 本文依托成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室开放基金项目(GZ2009-21)和自然科学基金项目(41302218),在已有的室内大三轴试验数据基础上,使用PFC2D软件进行了颗粒粗糙度效应研究。论文详细介绍了样本颗粒形态及粗糙度的模拟原理和级配碎石数值样本的生成过程。在此基础上,以雅泸高速公路K112+908.16~K113+67段高填路堤横断面为基本轮廓,根据研究需要,对其进行了一定的简化,构建了不同比例的数值模型。为了获取更大的变形值,使变形层次区分的更加明显,在不考虑水和地震作用的情况下,本文分析了保持5倍重力作用下,应力水平不变时各数值模型的应力分布和变形情况,经对比分析得出较为合理的模型构建方法。本文在研究过程中,分别采用了Geo-studio中的SIGMA/W模块和离散元软件PFC2D为研究工具,分析了原比例模型,1:100模型在应力水平相同时的应力分布和变形模式,并分别从横向和纵向进行了对比分析。同时,为了探求缩小的倍数与数值结果的关系,文章应用PFC软件构建并分析了1:80和1:60的团粒模型。对于原比例模型,由于实际应用较多,不再做对比试验。参数的选取上,使用有限元软件进行边坡分析时,输入的参数以项目数据为基础,但做了一定的改变。PFC双轴实验的数值模拟时,仍然采用项目过程中所做的各种室内实验数据,包括颗分、击实试验和大三轴实验等,通过拟合得到圆粒模型和团粒模型的细观参数。使用PFC软件对边坡进行分析时,填石材料采用双轴试验与室内大三轴实验结果进行拟合得到的数据,其他参数结合项目报告,并与有限元分析结果进行拟合得到。主要结论如下: 1、通过对粗粒土的颗粒粗糙度效应研究,得出了以下结论: 团粒形态样本可以更真实地模拟碎石材料的骨架-孔隙结构,样本加载前有着合理、均匀的接触力分布形式;团粒间的镶嵌结构可以极大的提高样本强度,变形过程中体现出不规则颗粒间的咬合、滑动特征;样本强度与颗粒粗糙度(即D4值)有着线性正比关系;样本初始平均接触数是决定样本内摩擦角的决定性因素;团粒形态样本平均接触数随轴向变形发展的变化规律再现了颗粒材料弹性变形的微观力学机制。 2、根据相似理论,本文在第三章分析了边坡保持应力水平不变时所应该遵循的相似准则,并通过有限元软件进行了验证。文章同时得到了不同PFC模型的细观参数之间的关系。主要结论为: (1)一般情况下,,边坡的尺寸与重力加速度乘积为常数,当应力水平相同时,保持其他条件不变,总位移量与模型尺寸的比值为一定值。 (2)对于PFC边坡模型,在应力水平保持不变的情况下,颗粒平均粒径与颗粒模量成正比,颗粒法向刚度与切向刚度、法向刚度与颗粒平均半径成正比,墙体法向和切向刚度成正比。 3、对于由粗粒土等散粒体材料组成的边坡,离散单元法具有明显的优越性。 4、不管是采用放大颗粒半径的原比例模型还是保持粒径不变的缩小比例模型,其放大或缩小的倍数主要决定于L/R值、模型生成和加载的时间,以及模型单元数。模型单元数过少对运算结果也会造成明显影响。本文认为在实际边坡模型中,即便是缩小比例尺的模型,2000个圆粒单元对边坡的模拟是不够的。 5、综合各种分析结果,一般情况下,团粒模型要优于圆粒模型。但实际应用中,原比例的团粒模型和圆粒模型都可以使用,在使用原比例模型时,建议用团粒模型。 6、1:100比例的团粒模型在应力、变形两方面都体现出非常好的优越性,与实际情况吻合的非常好。但是,本文的研究中,1:80和1:60比例的模型x方向的应力水平较有限元的结果偏大,而1:80团粒模型的变形情况似乎也有其不合理之处。因此,合理的模型缩小比例尺及计算结果的影响因素,还有待进一步研究。
[Abstract]:In the process of engineering construction , especially large - scale hydropower and highway engineering , large amount of energy and financial resources are encountered in the engineering construction process , which is a key problem that needs to be considered . In numerical method , these methods are also slowly replaced by numerical simulation methods .

In this paper , we use PFC2D software to study the stress distribution and deformation of the geological disaster prevention and geological environment protection in Chengdu University of Science and Technology ( GZ2009 - 21 ) and Natural Science Foundation ( 41302218 ) .

1 . By studying the effect of particle roughness on coarse grained soil , the following conclusions are drawn :

The morphology of aggregates can simulate the framework - pore structure of crushed stone material , which has a reasonable and uniform distribution of contact force before loading .
the mosaic structure between the granules can greatly improve the strength of the sample , and the meshing and sliding characteristics of irregular particles are reflected in the deformation process ;
The sample intensity is linearly proportional to the particle roughness ( i.e . D4 value ) .
The initial average contact number of samples is the decisive factor to determine the friction angle in the sample ;
The micro - mechanical mechanism of elastic deformation of granular material is reproduced according to the changing law of the average contact number of the aggregate form samples with the development of axial deformation .

2 . According to the similarity theory , the similarity criterion which should be observed when the stress level of the slope is not changed is analyzed in the third chapter , and the relationship between the parameters of different PFC models is obtained .

( 1 ) In general , the dimension of the slope and the product of the gravity acceleration are constant , and when the stress level is the same , other conditions are kept unchanged , and the ratio of the total displacement amount to the model size is a certain value .

( 2 ) For the PFC side slope model , the average particle size of the particles is proportional to the particle ' s modulus under the condition that the stress level is kept constant . The stiffness and tangential stiffness of the particles are directly proportional to the average radius of the particles , and the wall method is proportional to the tangential stiffness .

3 . For slopes composed of bulk materials such as coarse grained soil , the discrete unit method has obvious superiority .

4 . Whether the original scale model with the radius of the enlarged particle or the reduced scale model with the same particle size is adopted , the multiple of the amplification or reduction mainly depends on the L / R value , the time of the generation and loading of the model and the number of the model units .

5 . In general , the aggregate model is better than the round grain model , but in practical application , the original scale model and the round grain model can be used , and when using the original scale model , it is suggested to use the model of aggregates .

In this paper , 1 : 80 and 1 : 60 ratio of the model x - direction stress level is larger than that of the finite element , and the deformation of the 1 : 80 mass model appears to be unreasonable . Therefore , the reasonable model reduces the scale and the influence factors of the calculation results , and it is still to be further studied .

【学位授予单位】:吉林大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2014
【分类号】:TU43

【参考文献】

相关博士学位论文 前1条

1 马建全;黑方台灌区台缘黄土滑坡稳定性研究[D];吉林大学;2012年



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