绿化对居住区室外热环境影响的数值模拟研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 20:52

本文选题：绿化　切入点：居住区　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,许多城市住区以高容积率、高建筑密度、高建筑高度的“三高”模式发展,城市的热岛效应越来越显著,人们生活和居住的热环境日趋恶化。同时,居住区及居住绿地的面积迅速扩大,使得居住绿地成为城市绿地系统中重要组成部分,并成为人工造园生态平衡系统中的重要一环,对于整个城市热环境的调节有着不可或缺的重要作用。创造良好的居住区室外热环境成为提升城市居住区整体质量、提高人们生活舒适度的重要条件。本文将实测与数值模拟的方法相结合,定性描述与定量研究相结合,实地研究与情景设计相结合,力求得到准确可靠的研究居住区室外热环境的数值模拟方法,揭示不同绿化模式和植物种类对热环境作用的作用机理,为具有气候适应型的居住绿地设计方法提供指引。笔者重点开展了以下研究:通过对居住区建成环境调查,明确居住区的建筑布局、建筑高度、建筑材料、绿地率、绿化布局、绿化种类等信息,为准确建模和校正提供基础条件。通过对居住区的微气候监测,总结影响热环境的各因子随时间变化规律,并为数值模拟提供准确的模型信息和初始条件。研究证明建筑布局,下垫面构成,植物类型等都会对热环境产生影响。针对深圳气候特点和常用植物种类对软件数据库进行适宜性编制。同时,根据实测数据对数值模拟结果进行校验和校核,并不断对参数设置进行调整,最终使模拟结果达到研究所要求的范围。经过适宜性编制的Envi-met软件能够准确的描述各因素的变化规律,并在绝对值上达到研究的要求,在此基础上对蔚蓝海岸社区数值模拟结果从整体、局部和时序上进行分析,得出相关结论。基于以上的研究过程和方法,对不同绿化情景的室外热环境进行评估。根据一定的情景设计原则和方法,制定情景模拟方案。并通过模拟比较各个情景影响人体热舒适的各物理参数以及人体热舒适指标标准等效温度值,得到不同绿化配置方式对热环境影响作用的差异,得出乔-灌-草绿化模式和乔-草模式对人体热舒适调节效果最佳,草地和灌-草绿化模式的调节作用较弱,在某些时刻甚至起到副作用。另外,在植物种类的选择上,叶面积指数越大对热环境效果越佳,以草地和灌木为主的绿化方式和选择叶面积指数较小的乔木不利于居住区热环境的调节。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of the "three high" pattern of high volume ratio, high building density and high building height in many urban settlements, the urban heat island effect is becoming more and more obvious, and the thermal environment of people living and living is worsening day by day.At the same time, the area of residential area and residential green space is expanding rapidly, which makes residential green space become an important part of urban green space system and an important link in the ecological balance system of artificial gardening.It plays an indispensable role in the regulation of the whole city thermal environment.Creating a good outdoor thermal environment in residential areas is an important condition to improve the overall quality of urban residential areas and improve people's living comfort.In this paper, the methods of real measurement and numerical simulation, qualitative description and quantitative study, field research and scene design are combined to obtain accurate and reliable numerical simulation methods for studying the outdoor thermal environment of residential areas.The effects of different greening modes and plant species on the thermal environment were revealed, which provided guidance for the design of residential green space with climate adaptation.The author focuses on the following studies: through the investigation of the built environment of residential areas, the information of building layout, building height, building materials, green space rate, greening layout, types of greening, etc.Provide basic conditions for accurate modeling and calibration.By monitoring the microclimate of residential areas, the variation rules of factors affecting thermal environment with time are summarized, and the accurate model information and initial conditions are provided for numerical simulation.It has been proved that building layout, underlying surface composition and plant type will affect the thermal environment.According to the climate characteristics and plant species in Shenzhen, the suitability of the software database was compiled.At the same time, the results of numerical simulation are checked and checked according to the measured data, and the parameters are adjusted constantly, so that the simulation results reach the range required by the research.The Envi-met software developed by suitability can accurately describe the changing law of various factors and meet the requirements of research on absolute value. On this basis, the numerical simulation results of the community in the azure coast are analyzed from the whole, local and time series.Draw relevant conclusions.Based on the above research process and methods, the outdoor thermal environment of different greening scenarios was evaluated.According to certain scenario design principles and methods, the scenario simulation scheme is established.Through the simulation and comparison of the physical parameters and the equivalent temperature values of the thermal comfort index of the human body, the difference of the effect of different greening configuration on the thermal environment is obtained by comparing the physical parameters and the standard equivalent temperature values of the thermal comfort index of the human body.The results showed that the Arbor-Irrigation-Grass Greening Model and the Arbor-Grass Model had the best effect on the thermal comfort of human body, while the grassland and Irrigation-Grass Greening models had a weak effect and even had side effects at some times.In addition, in the selection of plant species, the larger the leaf area index is, the better the thermal environment effect is. The greening mode of grassland and shrubs and the selection of trees with small leaf area index are not conducive to the adjustment of thermal environment in residential areas.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU111;TU984.12

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