生物质气化燃气供暖实验与数值模拟研究及技术经济分析

发布时间：2018-04-13 03:13

本文选题：生物质气化 + 供暖　；参考：《天津大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济的快速发展和农民生活水平的显著提高,农民对室内热环境的要求也越来越高。以化石能源为燃料进行供暖,不仅污染环境,还加剧了我国的能源危机,威胁国家的能源安全。利用生物质气化产生的燃气,能有效改善环境和缓解能源危机。并且我国的生物质能源总量非常丰富,分布也极其广泛,为生物质气化供暖提供了客观条件。所以基于生物质能源的农村供暖越来越受到人们的关注和重视,并被逐步进行推广。本文以天津市小塔沽村为供暖对象进行研究,进行了供暖热负荷估算,并采用方案比较法,针对农村两种新能源燃气(生物质气化燃气和户用沼气)分散供暖的经济效益(投资、运行费用、投资回收期)、温室气体减排和污染气体减排进行了对比分析。研究结果表明户用沼气分散供暖初投资要高于生物质气化燃气分散供暖,前者约为后者的1.86倍;户用沼气运行费用也略微高于生物质气化燃气,而生物质气化燃气分散供暖的后期管理要优于户用沼气分散供暖。另外,户用沼气存在副产物经济效益,每年可高达29.9万元,而生物质气化燃气分散供暖的经济效益相对于户用沼气来说较低,可忽略不计。两种供暖方式温室气体减排和污染气体减排效益接近。就整体而言,生物质气化燃气分散供暖的经济性要优于户用沼气分散供暖的经济性。特别针对农村落后的管理水平,生物质气化燃气分散供暖的优点就更加突出。因此类似天津郊区这样的农村地区,供暖期需要大量燃气的农村建议采用生物质气化燃气分散供暖方式。同时以小塔沽村为对象,采用技术经济分析方法,对生物质气化集中供暖和分户供暖两种方案进行对比分析,考察供暖设备、折旧年限、运行费用等因素对经济效益及投资回收期的影响,给出了天津市小塔沽村的供暖优化方案。论文最后介绍农村居民对生物质气化分户供暖所采取的节能措施,通过实验研究,比较影响节能的主要因素。通过e-QUEST软件对该用户的热负荷及把门窗减小为原来一半时的热负荷(由于门窗较大,减小为原来的一半,不影响通风及人员通行)进行模拟,进一步验证了实验结论,即对于类似农村保温效果不好的房屋,提高其维护结构的保温效果,将能更有效地实现节能。本文从经济适用性、环境效益角度为类似农村地区燃料、供暖方式选择提供参考。通过实验和模拟所得结论能为农村生物质气化分户供暖节能措施提供科学的技术参考,澄清以往人们对农村分户供暖节能措施的一些误解。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of Chinese economy and the remarkable improvement of farmers' living standard, farmers' demands on indoor thermal environment are higher and higher.Using fossil energy as fuel for heating not only pollutes the environment, but also intensifies the energy crisis and threatens the national energy security.The gas produced by biomass gasification can effectively improve the environment and alleviate the energy crisis.The biomass energy in China is very abundant and widely distributed, which provides objective conditions for biomass gasification heating.Therefore, people pay more and more attention to the rural heating based on biomass energy, and it is gradually popularized.In this paper, taking Xiaotagu village in Tianjin as the heating object, the heating load is estimated, and the scheme comparison method is adopted.The economic benefits (investment, operating cost, investment recovery period, greenhouse gas emission reduction and pollution gas emission reduction) of two new energy gas (biomass gasification gas and household biogas) heating in rural areas were compared and analyzed.The results show that the initial investment of household biogas dispersion heating is 1.86 times higher than that of biomass gasification gas dispersion heating, and the household biogas operation cost is slightly higher than biomass gasification gas.The later management of biomass gasification gas dispersion heating is better than that of household biogas dispersion heating.In addition, the economic benefit of household biogas is as high as 299000 yuan per year, but the economic benefit of biomass gasification gas dispersion heating is lower than that of household biogas, which can be ignored.The greenhouse gas emission reduction and the pollution gas emission reduction benefit are close to each other.On the whole, the economy of biomass gasification gas dispersive heating is better than that of household biogas dispersion heating.Especially for the backward management level in rural areas, the advantages of biomass gasification gas dispersion heating are more prominent.Therefore, in rural areas such as the suburbs of Tianjin, biomass gasification gas dispersion heating is recommended for the rural areas where a large amount of gas is needed in heating period.At the same time, taking Xiaotagu village as the object, adopting the method of technical and economic analysis, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the two schemes of biomass gasification central heating and household heating, and inspects the heating equipment and the depreciation years.The optimization scheme of heating in Tianjin Xiaotagu Village is given in this paper because of the influence of operation cost on economic benefit and the payback period of investment.Finally, the paper introduces the energy saving measures taken by rural residents in biomass gasification household heating, and compares the main factors affecting energy saving through experimental research.The thermal load of the user and the heat load when the windows and doors are reduced to half of the original are simulated by e-QUEST software. The experimental results are further verified by the simulation of the heat load of the user, which is reduced to the original half because of the large windows and doors, and does not affect the ventilation and the passage of people.That is to say, for houses similar to the poor thermal insulation in rural areas, it will be more effective to save energy by improving the insulation effect of the maintenance structure.This paper provides a reference for the choice of fuel and heating mode in rural areas from the point of view of economic applicability and environmental benefit.The results of experiments and simulations can provide a scientific and technical reference for energy saving measures in rural biomass gasification household heating, and clarify some misunderstandings about energy saving measures for household heating in rural areas in the past.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU832;TK6

【参考文献】