被动式环境调控策略及技术集成应用研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 13:02

本文选题：被动式环境调控 + 变色太阳墙　；参考：《大连理工大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：在整个低能耗建筑设计过程中充分考虑建筑本身的环境调控作用,是从根本上降低建筑能耗的重要途径。最大限度地利用自然能源潜能,通过合理的建筑自身设计实现较舒适的自然运行室内热环境是被动式环境调控建筑的基本设计理念。目前关于被动式环境调控的国内外相关研究多集中在建筑构件、材料和调控技术等相对分散的领域,同时存在调控技术性能不完善,缺乏技术集成应用较全面的热特性研究成果,无法快速预测被动式环境调控设计对建筑热环境的定量影响等问题,上述原因制约了被动式环境调控建筑的应用与发展。因此,开展被动式环境调控技术及其集成应用的研究,为被动式环境调控建筑设计提供技术及理论支撑,具有重要的现实意义及学术价值。本文以寒冷地区气候适应性调控策略、变色太阳墙技术的研制及建筑集成应用为核心,通过实验及理论研究,深入探讨了基于变色太阳墙作用下,建筑热响应特性、热工性能改善和自然运行室温快速预测方法等理论和技术问题,得到的主要成果如下：首先,引入平衡点温度作为评价参数,得到耦合太阳能集热构件建筑南外墙窗墙比优化取值范围以及不同被动式太阳能采暖气候区的太阳能利用潜力范围。研究结果表明,在大连气候条件下,采用集热构件后建筑的太阳能利用潜力提升了49.3%。同时,为让冬季太阳能利用潜力最大化并防止夏季过热,大连地区耦合集热构件南墙的窗墙比优化取值范围在0.2-0.35之间(大连地区居住建筑节能65%设计标准推荐值：≤0.45)。其次,提出变色太阳墙、光电风机和温控风门等自动控制构件联合运行的被动式环境调控建筑模式,解决了既有太阳能热利用技术存在夏季过热、运行过程手动控制不方便等问题。以该模式为原型建造足尺大示范住宅并构建了计算机数据自动巡回监测系统,通过对连续两年实测结果的分析,得到变色太阳墙动态热特性及技术集成建筑的热响应变化规律。研究结果表明,采用挤塑板保温、风机安装在回风口并采用连续运行的热效率最佳,达到56.8%;冬季晴朗天气下利用变色太阳墙采暖可使室温维持在10℃～17℃；夏季通过改变变色太阳墙集热板颜色及开启外部通风口可使室内空气温度维持在24.8～26.6℃。第三,基于考虑温度分区及耦合集热构件复合墙体的动态传热过程,依据动态热网络法耦合反应系数法,建立了变色太阳墙建筑动态传热过程计算模型。该模型充分考虑了集热构件空气间层与室内空气的对流换热、重质墙体蓄放热等动态热响应过程。经实验验证,计算结果与实验结果的误差在10%以下。第四,基于提出的传热计算模型,考虑耦合集热部件墙体的热阻变化,解析得到确定被动式环境调控建筑南墙外保温层最佳厚度的通用表达式,并提出热时间常数及内墙热物性参数等优化阈值范围。通过对外保温层最佳厚度解析表达式的分析,得到其影响因素主要为采暖/空调度日数、折现率、材料价格及导热系数等,为便于工程应用,提出了保温层最佳厚度与材料导热系数的关联式。同时,从提高建筑热稳定性目的出发,以室内外空气振幅比和墙体内壁面温度为评价参数,分别提出内墙导热系数、比热容以及厚度等参数的优化取值范围。最后,针对目前被动式环境调控建筑室内热环境难以快速预测及辅助设备系统设计参数取值无依据等问题,基于变色太阳墙应用建筑热过程实验数据及相似准则,提出可快速预测在不同气候区及建筑设计条件下被动式环境调控建筑的自然运行室温公式。将集热部件供热量转变为随太阳辐照度变化的室内得热量项,故依据该公式可计算得到随室外气象参数变化的动态室温波动,为被动式设计的定量调控效果及匹配辅助设备系统提供理论支撑。本文通过对气候适应性分析、技术改进及建筑集成应用研究到室内热环境预测方法的提出,形成独立完整的被动式环境调控研究方法,为被动式环境调控技术的集成应用提供了定量评价参数及设计依据,进一步对推动被动式环境调控建筑的普及应用、制订国家相关设计规范奠定了理论基础。
[Abstract]:Give full consideration to the environmental regulation of the building itself in the whole design process of low energy building, is an important way to reduce building energy consumption fundamentally. To maximize the use of natural energy potential, through reasonable design and implementation of building its own natural operation more comfortable indoor thermal environment is the basic design idea of building environmental regulation. At present about the passive passive climate control related research at home and abroad focused on building components, materials and control technology of relatively scattered areas exist at the same time performance control technology is not perfect, the lack of research results of thermal characteristics of technology integration application comprehensively, can predict passive environmental control design of building thermal environment influence quantitative fast, the reason for restricting the application and development of the construction of passive climate control. Therefore, to carry out the technology of passive environmental control and application integration. It is of great practical significance and academic value to provide technical and theoretical support for the passive environmental regulation and control of architectural design.
Based on the climate adaptability control strategy of cold area, color solar wall technology development and building integrated application as the core, through the experimental and theoretical research, in-depth study based on the discoloration of the solar wall under the action of thermal response characteristics of building methods, theory and technology of the rapid prediction of thermal performance improvement and natural operation at room temperature, the main results are as follows:
First of all, the introduction of the balanced point temperature as evaluation parameters, the coupled solar collector component south wall window wall ratio optimal range and different climate zones of passive solar heating utilization potential of solar energy range. The results show that under the climatic conditions of Dalian, using the collector component after using the building to enhance the potential of solar energy 49.3%. at the same time, to make maximum utilization potential of solar energy in winter and summer to prevent overheating, Dalian area coupled thermal component south wall window wall ratio optimization in the 0.2-0.35 range (Dalian area residential building energy-saving 65% of the design standards recommended values: less than or equal to 0.45).
Secondly, the color of solar wall, mode of passive climate control building photoelectric fan and temperature control air door automatic control component joint operation, solves the problems of solar heat utilization technology in summer overheating, operation process of manual control is not convenient. In this mode the original type construction and the construction of the full-scale demonstration residential automatic monitoring the system of computer data, through the analysis of the measured results for two consecutive years, the change law in response to discoloration of thermal dynamic characteristics of solar wall and building thermal technology integration. The results show that the extruded insulation board, the fan is installed in the air outlet and the continuous operation of the best thermal efficiency, reaching 56.8%; sunny winter weather the sun color wall heating can make the room temperature maintained at 10 to 17 DEG C; summer by change the color solar wall collector color and open external vents can make indoor air temperature The degree is maintained at 24.8 ~ 26.6 degrees centigrade.
Third, the dynamic heat transfer process considering temperature zoning and coupled thermal components of composite wall based on thermal network method based on coupling dynamic response coefficient method, established the calculation model of dynamic heat transfer process of building wall color sun. This model fully considers the convection air collector component of air layer and indoor heat exchanger, heavy wall heat storage the dynamic thermal response process. Through experimental verification, the error of calculation results and experimental results in the following 10%.
Fourth, based on the heat transfer model is proposed, considering the resistance change coupling the heat collecting part of the wall, to get the analytical expression to determine the general passive climate control building wall external insulation layer thickness, and the thermal time constant wall heat and physical parameters of optimal threshold range. Through the analysis of external insulation layer thickness analytic expression and the main influencing factors for the heating / air conditioning degree days, discount rate, material price and thermal conductivity, for the convenience of engineering application, put forward the correlation of optimum insulation thickness and thermal conductivity of materials. At the same time, from the perspective of improving the stability of building heat, with indoor and outdoor air ratio and the interior wall surface for the temperature evaluation parameters were proposed, the coefficient of thermal conductivity of wall than the optimal range of parameters such as heat capacity and thickness.
Finally, aiming at the passive environment indoor thermal environment regulation building to rapid prediction and aided design parameters of equipment system is no problem on the basis of experimental data, color solar wall building thermal process and application of similarity criterion based on proposed rapid calculation of natural operating room temperature formula in different climate areas and architectural design under the condition of passive climate control building. The heat collecting part into the amount of heating with solar irradiance changes of indoor heat, so the formula can be calculated on the basis of the dynamic fluctuation of temperature changes with the outdoor meteorological parameters, and provide theoretical support for the design of passive quantitative control effect and matching auxiliary equipment system.
Based on the analysis of climate adaptability, put forward the technology improvement and building integration application research to indoor thermal environment prediction method, method of forming of passive climate control independent and complete, provide quantitative evaluation parameters for integrated application of passive climate control technology and design basis, to further promote the popularization and application of passive environmental regulation, formulate relevant national design code has laid a theoretical foundation.

【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU201.5

【参考文献】