夏热冬冷湿润气候下开敞型绿化屋面对建筑环境影响的研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 17:14

本文选题：绿化屋面 + 开敞型　；参考：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：进入二十一世纪以来,我国建筑能源消耗及城市环境问题日趋严重,国家对建筑业节能减排的要求日益提高,对建筑节能设计更加重视。但是,目前的建筑节能研究多集中在单纯的设备节能或某一类型的材料节能上,没有将建筑物与外部环境作为一个有机整体,进行系统的节能和环境质量分析。绿化屋面是一种被动式建筑技术,在住房与城乡建设部颁发的《绿色建筑评价标准》中,将绿化屋面作为公共建筑“节能与能源利用”条目的一条优选项。通过在建筑屋面施加绿化层,对建筑内部而言,可以改善建筑顶层的热工性能,对建筑外部而言,可以增加城市绿化面积并改善环境。通过这种双重的作用,在实现减少建筑内部能耗的同时,对建筑外环境如热岛效应有一定的缓解作用。绿化屋面技术既可以用在新建建筑上,又可以用在已建的仍在使用年限内的旧建筑上。开敞型绿化屋面则又是绿化屋面技术中造价较低,应用最广泛的一种。我国长江中下游地区,夏季闷热多雨,室外相对湿度较高,冬季潮湿寒冷且空气品质较差。在这类地区应用绿化屋面技术,在绿化屋面构造、绿化产品选型上需对应其气候特点进行选择和分析。本文结合长江中下游夏热冬冷湿润气候特点,对开敞型绿化屋面的应用对建筑环境的影响进行了研究。本文主要涉及到适用设计技术、实验测试方法、建筑内部能耗、建筑外部环境的分析。论文首先对现有绿化屋面的设计、产品类型及应用进行了介绍,并对现有的科研文献进行了概述;其次对绿化屋面的基本传热原理进行分析；然后通过实验监测和能耗模拟的方法对绿化屋面可能产生的节能效果进行论证。为论证绿化屋面对建筑内部能耗的影响,对南京地区一栋典型的办公建筑进行了温度实验监测,对使用绿化屋面和普通屋面的温度分布进行实时记录,并将实测结果与EnergyPlus能耗软件模拟结果进行比较分析：本文还从绿化屋面工程应用角度,使用PKPM模拟软件对使用不同类型绿化屋面的建筑节能率进行了模拟。为论证绿化屋面对建筑外部环境的影响,使用Airpak模拟软件,对上海地区一个居住小区应用绿化屋面后的室外环境进行了模拟,用以分析绿化屋面对建筑外环境如温度、辐射的影响。结语部分对全文进行了总结,并指出了本文研究存在的不足之处。
[Abstract]:Since the 21 century, the energy consumption and the urban environment problems in China have become more and more serious. The requirements of energy saving and emission reduction in the construction industry have been raised day by day, and more attention has been paid to the design of building energy conservation.However, most of the research on building energy conservation is focused on simple equipment energy saving or energy saving of a certain type of materials, and the buildings and the external environment are not regarded as an organic whole to carry out systematic energy saving and environmental quality analysis.Green roof is a kind of passive building technology. In the "Green Building Evaluation Standard" issued by Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction, greening roof is regarded as an excellent option for the entry of "Energy Saving and Energy Utilization" in public buildings.The thermal performance of the top floor of the building can be improved by adding greening layer to the roof of the building, and the green area of the city and the environment can be improved by adding the green floor to the outside of the building.Through this dual function, the energy consumption in the building can be reduced and the external environment, such as the heat island effect, can be alleviated to a certain extent.Green roof technology can be used not only in new buildings, but also in old buildings which are still in service life.Open green roof is one of the most widely used green roof technology with low cost.In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China, the summer is sultry and rainy, the outdoor relative humidity is high, the winter is humid and cold, and the air quality is poor.In this kind of area, the greening roof technology should be applied to select and analyze the climate characteristics of the green roof structure and the selection of greening products.Based on the characteristics of cold, cold and humid summer and winter in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, this paper studies the influence of the application of open green roof on the building environment.This article mainly involves the suitable design technology, the experimental test method, the building interior energy consumption, the building exterior environment analysis.Firstly, the paper introduces the design, product type and application of the existing green roof, and summarizes the existing scientific research literature, secondly, analyzes the basic heat transfer principle of the green roof.Then the possible energy saving effect of green roof is demonstrated by means of experimental monitoring and energy consumption simulation.In order to demonstrate the influence of green roof on the energy consumption of building, a typical office building in Nanjing area was monitored by temperature experiment, and the temperature distribution of green roof and common roof was recorded in real time.The comparison between the measured results and the simulation results of EnergyPlus energy consumption software is carried out. From the point of view of greening roof engineering application, the building energy saving rate using different types of green roof is simulated by using PKPM simulation software.In order to demonstrate the influence of green roof on the external environment of building, the outdoor environment of a residential district in Shanghai after applying green roof is simulated by using Airpak software, which is used to analyze the outside environment of green roof such as temperature.The effects of radiation.The conclusion part summarizes the full text and points out the shortcomings of this study.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU-023;TU985.12

【参考文献】