中国古代传统建筑土工技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 14:17

本文选题：传统建筑 + 土工技术　；参考：《河南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国是世界四大文明古国之一，在中国五千年的历史文化长河中，我们的古人留下了很多极有丰富历史价值的建筑遗迹，而这些建筑遗迹不仅是人类沧桑历史的见证，也是人类智慧和文明的结晶，更是建筑技术与艺术的完美结合。中国古代建筑中普遍选用的建筑原料是“土”和“木”，而“土”则是先人们最先使用且使用时间最长的一种建筑材料。因此，土建筑在中国传统建筑中占有着十分重要的地位，它的建造过程不仅体现了古人高超的营建技术，，还包含着对自然环境的思考，对生存环境的考量。不论是雄伟的宫殿、神圣的寺院、成排的窑洞，还是多姿多彩的民间建筑，都以其高超的建造技巧、独特的艺术风格，在世界建筑史上自成一家，也成为我国古代文明的重要组成部分。古人从最开始的将天然洞穴作为居所，到学会使用工具来挖掘、构建居所，这不仅仅只是社会发展的过程，更是人类运用自己的智慧对建筑材料及技术进行加工和提炼的过程。建筑技术是将施工时所需要的建筑材料，按其自身的性能与建筑的功能需要而对其进行加工改造、构筑的技术和方法。材料是建筑技术得以实现的物质基础，不同的材料都有其独特的结构应用方式，建筑技术的核心就在于材料和结构的相互适应及满足，通过对材料自身物理性能的加工和应用，以满足建筑要求的稳定和坚固。中国古代传统建筑正是建立在建筑技术的丰富性与多样性基础之上的。建筑及建筑文化的发展，首先不能摆脱技术发展的制约，它的发展总是和一定的技术水平相一致的。本文主要是从古人如何观土、辨土和用土以及技术方法等角度来论述中国古代建筑技术中对土材应用的发展历程，并根据不同的建造方式和加工形式将土工技术总结归纳为掏挖式、夯打式、砌筑式及机械式、水合式、烧结式等六种不同的方式。从每种方式的产生、发展及其类型、工具等方面分析了中国古代土工技术的整体发展情况。
[Abstract]:China is one of the four ancient civilizations in the world. In the long history and culture of China for five thousand years, our ancients left behind many architectural relics of extremely rich historical value, and these architectural relics are not only witness to the vicissitudes of human life. Is also the crystallization of human wisdom and civilization, but also the perfect combination of architectural technology and art. In ancient Chinese architecture, "earth" and "wood" are commonly used as building materials, and "earth" is one of the earliest and longest used building materials. Therefore, the earth architecture occupies a very important position in the Chinese traditional architecture. Its construction process not only reflects the construction technology of the ancients, but also includes the consideration of the natural environment and the living environment. Whether it is a majestic palace, a sacred temple, a row of caves, or a colorful folk building, with its superb construction skills and unique artistic style, it has become its own house in the history of the world's architecture. It has also become an important part of ancient Chinese civilization. From the beginning of the natural cave as a residence to learning to use tools to dig and construct the residence, this is not only the process of social development, but also the process of human beings using their wisdom to process and refine the building materials and technology. The construction technology is the technology and method to process and transform the construction materials according to its own performance and the function of the building. The material is the material foundation which the construction technology can realize, the different material all has its unique structure application way, the core of the building technology lies in the material and the structure mutually adapts and satisfies, through the processing and the application to the material own physical performance, To meet the building requirements of stability and firmness. Chinese ancient traditional architecture is based on the richness and diversity of architectural technology. The development of architecture and architectural culture, first of all, can not get rid of the constraints of technological development, its development is always consistent with a certain level of technology. This paper mainly discusses the development of the application of soil in ancient Chinese architectural technology from the perspectives of how the ancients looked at the soil, distinguished the soil, and used the soil as well as the technical methods. According to different construction methods and processing forms, the geotechnical methods are summarized into six different ways, such as digging, ramming, masonry and mechanical, hydration, sintering, etc. This paper analyzes the overall development of ancient Chinese geotechnical technology from the aspects of the emergence, development, types and tools of each way.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU-092

【参考文献】