大型商业综合体火灾安全疏散研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 11:17

  本文选题：大型商业综合体 + 火灾　； 参考：《华南理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近十几年来，我国的大型商场设计理念已从传统单一的百货商店转向综合性的大型商业中心。这一商业模式的转变在推动经济快速发展、改善人民生活水平的同时，也在考量着大型商业综合体疏散设计的安全性、可靠性及日常安全管理的水平。为应对这一挑战，本文从消防安全工程学的基本原理出发，以某大型商业综合体为对象，采用正交试验方法对人员疏散行动时间的影响因素进行分析，并对分阶段疏散模式下人员疏散的安全性进行评估论证。完成的主要工作和结论如下： （1）大型商业综合体由于其体量和面积均较大，可能存在且影响人员疏散安全性的设计难点问题，主要包括疏散楼梯首次出口无法直接通向室外、疏散距离过长及疏散宽度不足等。 （2）通过从国家标准、地方标准、国内文献实地调研结果等方面分析疏散人数换算系数的设计标准及依据，以及对人员构成、人员行走速度、疏散出口的有效宽度等大型商业综合体疏散设计参数进行分析，为更为科学合理的选择疏散宽度设计计算参数提供了依据和参考。 （3）以某大型商业综合体为研究对象，通过正交数值模拟试验，比较分析了大型商业综合体疏散设计中各因素对人员疏散行动时间的影响。结果表明，疏散人数换算系数、行走速度、疏散出口的有效宽度是影响大型商业综合体人员疏散行动时间的主要因素，它们对人员疏散行动时间的影响率分别为92.67%、2.44%和2.33%。 （4）结合大型商业综合体的建筑特点，引入了“阶段性疏散”的疏散模式。利用理论计算方法对某大型商业综合体人员疏散时间进行计算分析，结果表明采取分阶段疏散模式，可有效提高疏散效率，减少疏散时间。 （5）运行消防工程学基本原理对分阶段疏散和整体疏散两种模式下人员疏散的安全性进行了定性和定量评估分析。通过对火灾发展蔓延进行数值模拟和人员疏散模拟计算可知，发生火灾时，，整体疏散不能保证人员疏散的安全性，而按火灾发生位置，结合火灾的发展蔓延规律，合理安全疏散顺序，进行分阶段疏散，能够将所有人员在危险来临之前疏散至安全区域，提高人员疏散的安全性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the design concept of large shopping malls in our country has changed from the traditional single department store to the comprehensive large commercial center. The transformation of this business model not only promotes the rapid development of economy and improves people's living standard, but also considers the safety, reliability and daily safety management level of evacuation design of large-scale commercial complex. In order to meet this challenge, based on the basic principle of fire safety engineering and taking a large commercial complex as an object, the factors influencing the time of evacuation are analyzed by orthogonal test method. The safety of personnel evacuation under the stage evacuation mode is evaluated and demonstrated. The main tasks and conclusions accomplished are as follows: Due to the large volume and area of large commercial complex, there may be some difficult design problems which may affect the safety of evacuation, including the evacuation staircase exit can not be directly outside for the first time. The evacuation distance is too long and the evacuation width is insufficient. (2) by analyzing the design criteria and basis of the conversion coefficient of evacuees from the aspects of national standards, local standards, and field investigation results of domestic literature, as well as the composition of personnel, the speed of walking of personnel, The evacuation design parameters of large commercial complex, such as the effective width of evacuation exit, are analyzed, which provides the basis and reference for more scientific and reasonable selection of evacuation width design and calculation parameters. 3) taking a large commercial complex as an object of study, the effects of various factors on evacuation time in evacuation design of large commercial complex are compared and analyzed by orthogonal numerical simulation test. The results show that the conversion coefficient of evacuation population, the walking speed and the effective width of evacuation exit are the main factors affecting the evacuation time of large commercial complex, and their influence rates on evacuation action time are 92.67% and 2.33%, respectively. Combined with the architectural characteristics of large commercial complex, the evacuation mode of "stage evacuation" is introduced. The method of theoretical calculation is used to calculate and analyze the evacuation time of a large commercial complex. The results show that adopting the phased evacuation mode can effectively improve the evacuation efficiency and reduce the evacuation time. 5) the safety of personnel evacuation under the two modes of staged evacuation and overall evacuation is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively according to the basic principle of running fire protection engineering. Through numerical simulation and personnel evacuation simulation of fire development and spread, it can be seen that overall evacuation can not guarantee the safety of evacuation in case of fire, but according to the location of fire, combined with the rule of fire development and spread, Reasonable safety evacuation sequence and step by step evacuation can evacuate all personnel to the safe area before the danger comes and improve the safety of evacuation.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU998.1

【参考文献】

中国期刊全文数据库 前10条

1 袁克霞;;浅谈疏散模型基本参数设置[J];安防科技;2009年04期

2 乐增;金润国;毛龙;;FDS+Evac软件在火灾逃生中的应用[J];工业安全与环保;2009年10期

3 董海友;;儿童游乐场所人员疏散安全性评估[J];中国公共安全(学术版);2012年02期

4 李雷;谢Y

本文编号：1801082