美国LEED-NC绿色建筑评价体系指标与权重研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 11:19

本文选题：LEED-NC + 评价指标　；参考：《天津大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：十几年来,美国新建建筑绿色评价体系LEED-NC (Leadership in Energy and Environmantal Design for New Construction and Major Renovation)取得了巨大的市场成功。在我国,越来越多的项目也已经获得或正在申报该认证。同时,LEED-NC评价对我国绿色建筑评价标准建设也存在明显影响。深入研究LEED-NC,尤其是评价指标和评价权重,对我国绿色建筑评价标准的完善具有参考意义。本文首先从评价体系构成、运营管理和政府扶持角度,对LEED及LEED-NC进行系统梳理；从项目数量、总建筑面积、年度增长和地区分布的角度出发,对LEED及LEED-NC在全球市场、美国市场、海外市场和中国市场的发展现状进行了相关统计。在对国内外典型评价体系调研基础上,重点分析了LEED-NC在评价指标和权重两方面与其它评价体系的异同,指出LEED-NC对我国绿色建筑评价标准建设产生的影响。结合我国绿色建筑评价标准中存在的问题,阐明研究目的与意义。论文分别从评价指标内容层面和评价指标技术层面出发,对LEED-NC评价指标进行深入研究。在指标内容层面,论文以LEED-NC2009和LEED-NC4.0为对象进行了对比研究,提出LEED-NC在评价指标内容上的变化趋势,包括：注重整合设计、强化建筑节能、强化建筑节水、重视性能计量、引入全生命周期的思想和方法、提高评价的实效性、注重评价的社会性、以及引入新的评价方法,以期对我国绿色建筑评价标准的修订起到借鉴作用。在指标技术层面,论文以LEED-NC2009认证项目得分表为对象,运用数理统计方法,对评价指标的三个技术属性——敏感性、相关性、互偿性进行分析,解释了相关成因,并提出相应解决办法；并对中美两国项目在指标敏感性方面的差异进行了统计分析,解释了产生差异的原因。该方法对我国绿色建筑评价标准修订中评价指标的遴选具有参考价值。同时,论文分析了LEED-NC2009和LEED-NC4.0的权重制定思想、方法和步骤,提出了LEED-NC权重制定的总体特征：顶层元素控制下的网络结构、从环境驱动向目标驱动的转换、多变量层次控制、动态权重的可能性,以及LCA方法在定权过程中的应用。在借鉴LEED-NC权重制定方法的基础上,对山东省绿色建筑评价标准的权重进行了试订,将无权重的评价体系改造为有权重的打分评价体系。
[Abstract]:In the past ten years, LEED-NC leadership in Energy and Environmantal Design for New Construction and Major renewal, a green evaluation system for new buildings in the United States, has achieved great success in the market. In our country, more and more projects have also obtained or are declaring the certification. At the same time, LEED-NC evaluation also has obvious influence on the construction of green building evaluation standard in China. The further study of LEED-NC, especially the evaluation index and evaluation weight, has reference significance for the improvement of the evaluation standard of green building in China. Firstly, this paper systematically combs LEED and LEED-NC from the angle of evaluation system composition, operation management and government support, and from the angle of project quantity, total construction area, annual growth and regional distribution, analyzes LEED and LEED-NC in the global market, American market. The overseas market and the Chinese market development present situation has carried on the correlation statistics. Based on the investigation of typical evaluation systems at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the similarities and differences between LEED-NC and other evaluation systems in terms of evaluation index and weight, and points out the influence of LEED-NC on the construction of evaluation standards for green buildings in China. Combined with the problems existing in the evaluation standard of green building in China, the purpose and significance of the research are expounded. From the aspect of evaluation index content and evaluation index technology, this paper makes a deep research on LEED-NC evaluation index. At the index content level, the paper takes LEED-NC2009 and LEED-NC4.0 as the object to carry on the contrast research, proposes the LEED-NC in the evaluation index content change tendency, including: pays attention to the conformity design, strengthens the building energy saving, strengthens the building water saving, attaches importance to the performance measurement. This paper introduces the thought and method of whole life cycle to improve the effectiveness of evaluation, to pay attention to the sociality of evaluation and to introduce new evaluation method, in order to make reference to the revision of evaluation standard of green building in our country. At the technical level of the index, the paper takes the score table of LEED-NC2009 certification project as the object, applies the mathematical statistics method, analyzes the three technical attributes of the evaluation index-sensitivity, relativity and mutual compensation, and explains the relevant causes. The corresponding solutions are put forward, and the differences in index sensitivity between China and the United States are statistically analyzed, and the reasons for the differences are explained. This method has reference value for the selection of evaluation index in the revision of green building evaluation standard in China. At the same time, the paper analyzes the thought, method and step of weight making of LEED-NC2009 and LEED-NC4.0, and puts forward the overall characteristics of LEED-NC weight establishment: the network structure under the control of top-level elements, the transformation from environment driving to goal driving, multivariable hierarchical control, and so on. The possibility of dynamic weight and the application of LCA method in weight determination. On the basis of drawing lessons from the method of LEED-NC weight formulation, the weight of evaluation standard of green building in Shandong Province is tentatively determined, and the evaluation system without weight is transformed into a scoring evaluation system with weight.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU201.5

【参考文献】