综合体建筑典型空间防火性能化设计与防火构造研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 01:44

本文选题：综合体建筑 + 典型空间　；参考：《天津大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国城市规模的扩大和城市化进程的加快,城市空间立体化发展的趋势也与日俱增。近年来,综合体建筑不断涌现,其功能的复杂化和综合化,对于开发利用城市立体空间、发挥城市集聚效应、改善城市环境等方面具有积极的作用,同时也使得建筑空间趋于复合化、立体化。为适应这种发展和变化,建筑结构形式和造型也不断创新,各种新材料、新技术、新工艺也越来越广泛地应用于综合体建筑的建设。因此,综合体建筑防火设计须对结构的抗火火性能、典型空间的构造节点等方面做出新的考虑。现行的“处方式”防火设计方法虽然对以上方面都有相对独立、完整的考虑,但是由于综合体建筑所涵盖的典型空间的特殊性与复杂性,导致其防火设计若按现行规范执行,将无法达到安全目标,不能反映各防火系统间的协同作用。综合体建筑建设在消防安全方面面临着巨大挑战,也由此催生了性能化防火技术的研究与应用。本文共分为五个章节,分别从宏观层面(针对于建筑空间)和微观层面(针对于防火构造)论述了综合体建筑的防火设计方法,并列举了两个应用性能化防火设计的典型案例。在宏观层面,本文归纳了综合体建筑的四种典型空间,即高窄筒形空间、矮扁形大空间、中庭共享空间和地下建筑空间。这些空间形式及其组合可以能存在超出现行防火规范对于高度、面积、疏散距离等方面的要求而无法满足消防安全的问题,因此需针对具体问题提出具体的防火设计目标和解决策略,并应用软件模拟的方法加以验证和评估。在微观层面,认为结构抗火性能、典型空间的构造防火设计是确保火灾时建筑不垮塌的关键。本文论述了综合体建筑采用的钢筋混凝土结构和钢结构的构件耐火设计方法,并针对以上四种典型空间的易拔火窜烟部位、各防火分区边界需设防火分隔的部位、可以作为亚安全区的部位、以及难以排出烟气的部位,提出了严密封堵、保证分隔、有效围合、加强排烟的防火构造措施。综合体建筑为人们提供了多功能、高效率的使用空间,而这些空间的防火设计难题却亟待解决。在性能化分析的基础上针对综合体建筑内不同使用功能对空间形式的不同要求,提出既可以提高建筑的消防安全水平,又可以满足使用要求的消防设计方案,加之合理有效的防火构造做法所起到的设计精细化作用,可以使综合体建筑的消防安全设计更为合理、有效。
[Abstract]:With the expansion of urban scale and the acceleration of urbanization, the trend of three-dimensional development of urban space is increasing day by day. In recent years, the complex buildings have been emerging constantly. The complexity and integration of their functions play a positive role in the development and utilization of urban three-dimensional space, the development of urban agglomeration effect and the improvement of urban environment. At the same time, it also makes the architectural space more complex and three-dimensional. In order to adapt to this kind of development and change, the form and shape of building structure have been innovated constantly. All kinds of new materials, new technology and new technology are more and more widely used in the construction of complex buildings. Therefore, new considerations should be taken into account in the fire resistance performance of the structure and the construction of joints in the typical space in the fire resistant design of the complex building. Although the current fire protection design method of "location mode" has relatively independent and complete consideration to the above aspects, but because of the particularity and complexity of typical space covered by the complex building, the fire protection design of the complex is carried out in accordance with the current norms. The safety target will not be achieved and the synergy between the fire prevention systems will not be reflected. The construction of complex building is faced with great challenge in fire safety, which leads to the research and application of performance-based fire prevention technology. This paper is divided into five chapters, respectively from the macro level (for the building space) and the micro level (for the fire structure) discusses the fire design method of the complex building, and enumerates two typical cases of performance fire prevention design. At the macro level, this paper sums up four typical spaces of complex architecture, that is, high narrow cylindrical space, short flat large space, atrium shared space and underground building space. These space forms and their combinations can exist beyond the requirements of the current fire prevention code for height, area, evacuation distance, and so on, and can not meet the fire safety problems. Therefore, it is necessary to put forward specific anti-fire design objectives and solutions to specific problems, and apply the method of software simulation to verify and evaluate. On the micro level, it is considered that the fire resistance performance of the structure and the structural fire protection design of the typical space are the key to ensure that the building does not collapse during the fire. In this paper, the fire resistant design method of reinforced concrete structure and steel structure used in complex building is discussed. It can be used as the part of the sub-security zone and the part which is difficult to excrete the smoke. It puts forward the measures of tight sealing, ensuring the separation, effective enclosure and strengthening the fire prevention structure of the smoke exhaust. The complex architecture provides multifunctional and efficient space for people, but the fire prevention design problem of these spaces needs to be solved urgently. On the basis of performance-based analysis, aiming at the different demands on space form of different functions in complex building, the paper puts forward a fire control design scheme which can not only improve the level of fire safety of building, but also meet the requirements of use. In addition, the reasonable and effective fire prevention structure method can make the fire safety design of the complex building more reasonable and effective.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU247;TU998.1

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