基于近人空间尺度适宜性的城市设计研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 01:30

本文选题：近人空间 + 尺度　；参考：《天津大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：尺度的研究是一个古老而又全新的问题，从维特鲁威（Vitrurius）在《建筑十书》中开始，许多学者都对其进行探讨如阿尔伯蒂（Alberti）、卡米洛·西特（camilo sitte）和芦原义信（Ashihara）等。其中日本建筑师芦原义信关于街道空间尺度的研究影响非常广泛，只是这些学者所研究针对的都是传统城市的尺度，随着时代的发展，，在当今现代大尺度的城市设计中，简单套用过去的理论会有一定的局限性。由此本文引入近人空间视角，以此对城市街道空间尺度的量化展开探索，旨在弥补传统理论的局限性，为我国城市设计中保证近人空间的人性尺度提供有效的控制手段。在理论探索部分，论文引入SPSS数理分析软件及SD分析法，研究上海八条具有代表性的街道空间，研究人的空间感知与街道尺度客体指标之间的关系。研究表明，在影响人对街道感知的尺度客体因子中，街道绝对尺度的影响力最大，街道贴线率和界面面宽的影响力次之，路径连接密度对空间感知基本没有影响。街道的连续性、中心感等感知较为复杂，无法为本次调查所选取的客体指标所解释。客体指标与评价因子之间存在交叉影响，客体指标预期相关评价因子与分析所得相关评价因子存在差异性。街道空间的围合性与预期的街道相对尺度并不相关，而是与街道绝对尺度强相关。随后通过客体指标与评价因子得分数据进行回归分析得出空间感知的指标临界点及心理尺度范围。在上文研究基础上，论文首先对影响近人空间“围合性”的街道绝对尺度展开研究，从心理尺度、道路交通、街区利用、视觉认知、国外经验等几个影响因子的共同作用下推导出适宜的街道绝对尺度指标。在得出适宜的街道绝对尺度后，通过人的视域分析得到合适的街道相对尺度，推导出沿街建筑高度，并从近人空间视角提出了超过街道控制限高时保持尺度适宜性的三种处理方式。之后，为创造适宜的城市街道绝对与相对尺度以及为具有活力的城市街道提供物质空间形态基础，本文从外在与内在两方面提出了有效策略，并提出了街区的理想模型。接着对近人空间的“连续性”形态展开研究。通过中西城市的取样，发现街区肌理对空间连续性有很大影响，近人空间的“连续性”不只是单一因素的影响，它既受到街区“建筑密度”的影响，也受到街区“贴线率”的影响。由此对影响街道连续性的“街区建筑密度”进行分析，通过对74个国内外500×500m公共街区范围的数理统计与分析，得到了当前规划控制管理下的地块建筑密度偏低，并藉此提出街区应保证“适宜的建筑密度”的控制理念，提高地块建筑密度指标到50%的建议。随后对贴线率展开分析，通过对上海、天津样本的调查和国内外案例取样分析，发现中、西方城市传统街区贴线率较好，而中国新城区街区界面多为凹凸错落，贴线率偏低，以分析的客观数值理论为研究基础，发现70%是贴线率的临界指标，在此数据之上空间界面连续性、围合性较强。将“街道绝对尺度与相对尺度”与街区“贴线率与建筑密度”相结合的量化指标运用于城市设计导则中，提出以街区为单元和以近人空间为单元的主要参数指标，最后提出了在城市设计中保证近人空间尺度适宜性的设计策略。
[Abstract]:The study of scale is an old and new problem. From Vitrurius (Vitrurius) in the ten book of architecture, many scholars have discussed it, such as Alberti, Camilo Sitte (Camilo Sitte) and Ashihara Yoshinobu (Ashihara). Among them, the study of street space scale by Japanese architect Ashihara Yoshinobu It is often extensive, but these scholars have studied the scale of the traditional city. With the development of the times, the simple application of the past theory in modern large scale urban design will have some limitations. This paper introduces the perspective of near human space to explore the quantitative analysis of urban street space scale, aiming at making up for the transmission of the urban street space. The limitations of the unified theory provide effective control means for ensuring the human dimension of close space in urban design.
In the theoretical exploration part, the paper introduces the SPSS mathematical analysis software and the SD analysis method to study eight representative street spaces in Shanghai, and study the relationship between the spatial perception of human and the object index of the street scale. The influence of the line rate and the interface width is the second. The path connection density has no influence on the spatial perception. The continuity and the center sense of the street are more complex, which can not be explained by the object index selected by this survey. There is a cross influence between the object index and the evaluation factor, and the objective index is expected to be related to the evaluation factors and the analysis The correlation of the correlation evaluation factors is different. The enclosure of street space is not related to the expected Street relative scale, but is strongly related to the street absolute scale. Then the regression analysis of the object index and evaluation factor score data is used to get the critical point of spatial perception and the range of the heart scale.
On the basis of the previous study, the paper first studies the street absolute scale affecting the "enclosure" of the near human space, and derives the appropriate Street absolute scale indicators from the common effects of psychological scale, road traffic, block utilization, visual cognition, foreign experience and other factors. The cross view analysis obtains the appropriate Street relative scale, derives the height of the building along the street, and puts forward three ways to handle the scale suitability when the street control limit is high from the perspective of the near human space. After that, it provides the material space for the creation of the appropriate urban street and the relative scale for the dynamic urban streets. Form basis, this paper puts forward effective strategies from two aspects: external and internal, and puts forward the ideal model of block.
Then, the "continuity" form of the near human space is studied. Through the sampling of the Chinese and western cities, it is found that the block texture has a great influence on the spatial continuity. The "continuity" of the near human space is not only the influence of a single factor, it is influenced by the "building density" of the block, but also influenced by the "line rate" of the block. The "block building density" of the street continuity is analyzed. Through the statistics and analysis of 74 domestic and foreign 500 x 500m public block scope, the density of the block building under the current planning control management is low, and the control concept of "suitable building density" should be guaranteed to improve the density of the block building. The 50% proposal was marked. Then the line rate was analyzed. Through the investigation of Shanghai, Tianjin sample and case sampling analysis at home and abroad, it was found that the line rate of traditional blocks in the western cities was better, but the block interface of the new urban districts in the new urban area of China was mostly concave and convex, the line rate was low, and the analysis of the objective numerical theory was based on the analysis of the objective numerical theory and found that the 70% was a line of sticking lines. On the data above, the continuity of the spatial interface is stronger and the encircling property is stronger.
The quantitative index of "street absolute scale and relative scale" combined with "line rate and building density" in the block is applied to the guidelines of urban design, and the main parameter indexes of block units and near human space are proposed. Finally, a design strategy to ensure the suitability of near human space in urban design is put forward.

【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984.113

【参考文献】