地面防护工程抗爆复合材料与结构研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 03:08

本文选题：双掺混凝土 + 聚氨酯泡沫铝　；参考：《中国矿业大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：面对大当量杀伤性常规武器的爆炸破坏效应，地面防护工程的抗力设计和施工技术都已经不能满足工程防护的要求，而地面防护工程没有地下防护工程可以提供的坚实厚重的岩土层作为防护层，完全依靠自身结构抵抗武器破坏效应。因此，选取当前防护工程领域内亟待解决的前沿课题——地面防护工程的抗爆技术研究作为论文选题。针对地面防护工程的抗爆防护技术，对双掺混凝土、聚氨酯泡沫铝复合材料和聚氨酯蜂窝纸板复合材料等三种复合材料进行研究，从材料强度、吸能特性、本构关系和复合吸能抗爆结构型式等四方面进行了研究，提高地面防护工程的抗爆防护能力。主要取得以下研究进展：（1）研究掺加硅粉和粉煤灰混凝土的动态抗压强度及最佳掺量。针对当前地面防护工程结构使用的普通C50混凝土，在节约资金、减轻自重的前提下提高混凝土的强度，通过SHPB动态冲击试验发现：双掺混凝土的动态抗压强度从120MPa提高到180MPa，显著提高了结构抗力。通过正交试验分析方法，找到不同冲击条件下的最佳掺量，低速冲击的最优组合为J2G3F1S3；中速冲击的最优组合为J2G2F1S2；高速冲击的最优组合为J1G3F1S3。（2）研究聚氨酯泡沫铝复合材料力学性能和吸能性能。通过对聚氨酯泡沫铝结构的静、动态力学性能的研究，得出结论：聚氨酯泡沫铝的屈服强度与应变率、相对密度和聚氨酯含量成正比。随着相对密度增加和聚氨酯含量增加，屈服强度均可提高10%以上。随着应变率的增加，泡沫铝的屈服强度可提高45%以上，聚氨酯泡沫铝的屈服强度可提高30%以上，因此认为，泡沫铝和聚氨酯泡沫铝具有非常明显的应变率效应。聚氨酯含量的提高可使聚氨酯泡沫铝吸能量提高50%以上，吸能效率提高30%以上。聚氨酯泡沫铝的吸能效率可以达到0.7，是一种很好的吸能材料。（3）研究聚氨酯蜂窝纸板复合材料力学性能和吸能性能。填充聚氨酯材料的蜂窝纸板在静态受压时使本来会有的失稳阶段消失，从而提高了蜂窝纸板复合材料的弹性极限水平（从0.2240MPa提高到0.5422MPa，增长了41.3%）和屈服应力（约为填充前的3-4倍），提升了蜂窝纸板材料的缓冲性能。复合材料静、动态吸能性能大幅提高，吸能量约为复合前两种材料吸能量总和的1-2倍；吸能效率E和理想吸能效率I均在0.6以上，是很好的缓冲吸能材料。（4）建立抗爆复合材料的动态本构模型。基于现有的研究基础，分别对以上三种材料建立了动态本构模型。分别建立了双掺混凝土基于ZWT本构模型的低应变率本构模型和非线性条件下随机损伤本构模型：建立了聚氨酯泡沫铝基于硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料本构关系的包含相对密度、应变、应变率和聚氨酯含量等影响因素的泡沫金属本构模型：建立了聚氨酯蜂窝纸板基于Sherwood-Frost本构关系的本构模型：（5）获得不同抗爆结构的最优化组合型式。通过LS-DYNA有限元程序对SAFFC-聚氨酯泡沫铝复合结构进行抗爆吸能数值计算，对复合结构进行优化分析。结果表明：同等抗爆条件下，SAFFC（50cm）-聚氨酯泡沫铝（20cm）-SAFFC（50cm）的抗爆性能为最佳。对填充SAFFC、聚氨酯泡沫铝和聚氨酯蜂窝纸板的三种钢板防护门结构进行抗爆吸能计算，优化分析在不同条件下的复合结构抗爆性能。结果表明：聚氨酯蜂窝纸板的自重较轻，，便于维护，但爆炸后防护门变形较大，因此适于防护等级不高的情况；防护等级较高时，聚氨酯泡沫铝首选，混凝土也可以考虑，但是考虑二次打击的情况下，混凝土填充物因破碎不能继续使用。
[Abstract]:In the face of the explosion damage effect of heavy duty conventional weapons, the resistance design and construction technology of ground protection engineering can not meet the requirements of engineering protection, but there is no ground protection engineering which can provide a solid thick rock and soil layer as protective layer, completely relying on its own structure to resist the effect of weapon damage. Therefore, the research on the anti detonation technology of ground protection engineering is selected as the topic of this paper, which is the frontier subject in the field of protection engineering. Three kinds of composite materials, such as double concrete, polyurethane foam aluminum composite and polyurethane honeycomb paper plate composite materials, are studied for the anti detonation technology of ground protection engineering. Four aspects of material strength, energy absorption characteristics, constitutive relation and composite energy absorbing and antiknock structural type are studied to improve the anti explosion protection ability of ground protection engineering. The following research progress is made mainly:
(1) to study the dynamic compressive strength and the optimum content of concrete mixed with silica powder and fly ash concrete. According to the common C50 concrete used in the current ground protection engineering structure, the strength of concrete is improved under the premise of saving money and reducing self weight. The dynamic compressive strength of the concrete is improved from the 120MPa to the dynamic compressive strength of the concrete through the SHPB dynamic impact test. The optimum combination of different impact conditions is found by orthogonal test. The optimal combination of low velocity impact is J2G3F1S3, the optimal combination of medium speed impact is J2G2F1S2, and the optimal combination of high speed impact is J1G3F1S3..
(2) study the mechanical properties and energy absorption properties of polyurethane foam aluminum composites. Through the study of the static and dynamic mechanical properties of the structure of polyurethane foam aluminum, the conclusion is that the yield strength and strain rate of polyurethane foam aluminum are proportional to the density of the polyurethane. With the increase of the density of the phase and the increase of the content of the polyurethane, the yield strength is increased. With the increase of the strain rate, the yield strength of aluminum foam can be increased by more than 45%, the yield strength of polyurethane foam aluminum can be increased by more than 30%. Therefore, it is believed that the foam aluminum and polyurethane foam aluminum have a very obvious strain rate effect. The increase of polyurethane content can increase the energy absorption of polyurethane foam by more than 50%, and the absorption of polyurethane foam can be increased by more than 50%. The energy efficiency can be increased by more than 30%. The energy absorption efficiency of polyurethane foam aluminum can reach 0.7, which is a good energy absorbing material.
(3) study the mechanical properties and energy absorption properties of the polyurethane honeycomb paperboard composites. The honeycomb paperboard filled with polyurethane material disappears in the static compression stage, and thus improves the elastic limit level of the honeycomb paperboard composite (increased from 0.2240MPa to 0.5422MPa, increased by 41.3%) and yield stress (about the pre filling). The cushioning performance of the honeycomb paperboard material is enhanced by 3-4 times). The static energy absorption performance of the composite material is greatly improved, the energy absorption is about 1-2 times the sum of the energy absorption of the two pre composite materials, and the energy absorption efficiency E and the ideal energy absorption efficiency I are all above 0.6, which is a good cushioning energy absorbing material.
(4) the dynamic constitutive model of anti explosive composites is established. Based on the existing research basis, the dynamic constitutive models of the above three kinds of materials are established respectively. The constitutive model of low strain rate based on the ZWT constitutive model of double concrete and the stochastic damage constitutive model under the nonlinear condition are established respectively.
The constitutive model of polyurethane foam based on the constitutive relation of rigid polyurethane foam, including relative density, strain, strain rate and polyurethane content, was established.
The constitutive model of polyurethane honeycomb paperboard based on Sherwood-Frost constitutive relation is established.
(5) obtain the optimal combination pattern of different antiknock structures. Through the LS-DYNA finite element program, the anti detonation energy absorption of SAFFC- polyurethane foam aluminum composite structure is calculated and the composite structure is optimized. The results show that the best anti detonation performance of SAFFC (50cm) - polyurethane foam aluminum (20cm) -SAFFC (50cm) is the best under the same anti explosion condition. Three kinds of steel plate protective door structure filled with SAFFC, polyurethane foam aluminum and polyurethane honeycomb paperboard were used to calculate the anti explosion energy absorption. The anti explosion performance of the composite structure under different conditions was optimized. The results showed that the self weight of the polyurethane honeycomb paperboard was lighter and convenient for maintenance, but the deformation of the protection door was large, so it was suitable for the low protection grade. When the protective grade is high, the polyurethane foam aluminum is first preferred and the concrete can be considered, but in the case of two strikes, the concrete fill can not continue to be used because of breakage.

【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU761.1;TU599

【参考文献】