滇西北村落文化景观的时空特征研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 23:07

本文选题：村落文化景观 + 滇西北　；参考：《清华大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：针对现有村落研究缺乏复杂地理环境中的大尺度、多民族比较的现状,论文从文化景观的视角研究滇西北的村落,主要内容包括村落文化景观的基本内涵、构成因子、在不同环境中的典型案例、基于GIS的全样本分析、在空间分布与时间进程中的基本规律。村落文化景观的概念凸显了自然环境与人为力量之间的持续平衡关系,有助于弥合地理、规划、建筑、人文科学在村落研究中尚显薄弱的交叉领域,具备哲学意义上的思考向度。论文以自然村为研究对象,以滇西北的大理、丽江、迪庆、怒江四个地州为研究范围,根据自然地理边界划将研究区分为独龙江、怒江、澜沧江、金沙江、元江五大流域,基于人类学视野开展了扎实的田野调查,历时三年半,遍及五大流域的百余个村落,其中26个村落的调研工作非常深入,完成调查访谈数十次,建筑测绘11套。论文以所获得的丰富信息为基础,采用城乡规划、建筑学、人类学等多学科交叉的研究方法,并将空间信息技术作为多学科研究的技术支撑。在“以村落为对象、以行政为边界、以流域为主线、以民族为辅线”的研究思路下,从村落文化景观的概念切入,通过产业为“生”、聚落为“住”、宗教为“信”的途径,将村落的地理环境、主要产业、物理空间与民居、宗教信仰等要素进行大尺度的共时性比较,以注重典型性的个案研究结合基于GIS的全体样本宏观研究的方法,系统探讨了村落文化景观在“共时状态”中的空间分布,以及在“历时状态”中的演进规律。论文主要结论如下:村落文化景观是村落研究的重要范畴。滇西北的村落文化景观受到藏彝走廊与汉族走廊的双重影响,其空间分布与流域特征显著相关并有突出分异性。产业是最能反映“人—地”关系的范畴;聚落是“人—人”关系的集中体现;其产生过程既受到产业的制约,又受到文化交流与民族特征的影响;宗教是“人—神”关系的现实投影,可以在不同尺度的村落空间中发挥影响力。产业、聚落、宗教三者的空间分布是一种总体对应、局部微差的复杂渐变规律。就时间特征而言,基于限定与选择的“人—地”关系构成了村落文化景观的演化机制,此过程可以概括为平衡回归模型。
[Abstract]:In view of the lack of large-scale and multi-ethnic comparison in the complex geographical environment, the paper studies the villages in Northwest Yunnan from the perspective of cultural landscape. The main contents include the basic connotation of the village cultural landscape and the elements of the village culture landscape. Typical cases in different environments, the basic laws of spatial distribution and time process based on the full sample analysis of GIS. The concept of village cultural landscape highlights the sustainable balance between the natural environment and human power, and helps to bridge the intersection of geography, planning, architecture and humanities, which are still weak in the study of villages. It has a philosophical dimension of thinking. Taking the natural village as the research object and the four prefectures of Dali, Lijiang, Diqing and Nujiang in the northwest of Yunnan as the research scope, the study is divided into five basins according to the natural geographical boundary: Dulong River, Nujiang River, Lancang River, Jinsha River and Yuanjiang River. Based on anthropological view, a solid field survey was carried out, which lasted three and a half years and spread over 100 villages in five major watersheds. Among them, 26 villages were investigated in depth, dozens of investigation interviews were completed, and 11 sets of architectural mapping were completed. On the basis of the abundant information obtained, this paper adopts the research methods of urban and rural planning, architecture, anthropology and so on, and takes spatial information technology as the technical support of multi-disciplinary research. Under the research thought of "take village as object, administration as boundary, watershed as main line, and nation as auxiliary line", from the concept of village cultural landscape, through the way of industry as "living", settlement as "living" and religion as "faith", By comparing the geographical environment, main industry, physical space, folk residence, religious belief and other elements of villages on a large scale, the typical case study is combined with the method of macroscopical study of all samples based on GIS. This paper systematically discusses the spatial distribution of village cultural landscape in "synchronic state" and its evolution law in "diachronic state". The main conclusions are as follows: village cultural landscape is an important category of village research. The cultural landscape of villages in northwest Yunnan is influenced by both Tibetan and Han corridors, and its spatial distribution is significantly related to the characteristics of the basin. Industry is the category that can best reflect the relationship between man and land, settlement is the concentrated embodiment of the relationship between man and man, its production process is not only restricted by industry, but also influenced by cultural exchange and national characteristics. Religion is a realistic projection of the relationship between man and God, and can exert influence in different scales of village space. The spatial distribution of industry, settlement and religion is a complex law of gradual change. In terms of time characteristics, the "man-land" relationship based on limitation and selection constitutes the evolution mechanism of village cultural landscape, which can be summarized as a balanced regression model.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU982.29

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