德国建筑更新中的节能策略研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 13:40

本文选题：德国 + 建筑更新　；参考：《沈阳建筑大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：当今全球的经济社会发展都伴随着巨大的能源消耗,能源问题逐步上升为全世界的共同问题。世界范围内的能源危机以及以中国为首的发展中国家的能源需求与供给形成了极大的矛盾,使得节约能源得到了空前的重视。建筑属于“耗能大户”,在全球的能源消耗中,建筑的耗能量高达30%-40%,这使得解决建筑能源问题成了能源消耗过快、能源短缺等问题的首要任务。当前,解决建筑能源损失问题的研究方向主要有两方面：一是从建筑的起始阶段进行节能设计；二是对建筑物进行节能更新。德国在既有建筑更新的理论与技术研究方面已经达到了世界领先水平,在建筑节能更新实践上更是取得了突出成效。本文以此为背景,全面总结了德国建筑节能更新的发展历程,介绍了节能政策法规的核心内容,系统论述了节能技术及其在建筑更新中的应用情况。德国政府颁布一系列的法律法规来推广节能建筑,对于既有建筑的更新实行激励政策的经验值得我国借鉴。在政策的推动下,德国在建筑更新方面注重节能,其节能更新的技术在我国也得到了实践。在此基础上,本文以节能更新的理论认识和技术总结为着手点,以实地调研分析为方法,从建筑围护结构、建筑空间和建筑设备三个方面,对德国建筑更新中的节能策略进行系统研究。在维护结构更新方面,本文从优化既有建筑自然采光、加强门窗和阳台的保温性能、加强外墙保温隔热改造、加强通风改造、节能屋面改造五方面详述了具体的节能策略；建筑空间更新方面,本文论述了如何利用中庭空间、太阳房、“气层式空间”等发生物理效应的空间来优化建筑室内环境舒适度,结合建筑功能需求采取合理的更新策略,并且节约能耗；建筑设备更新方面,本文主要介绍了机械辅助式通风系统、新风热回收系统、遮阳智能光电系统以及太阳能光电系统的节能原理,并通过实际更新案例分析其节能效果,得出对既有建筑进行节能更新的应用策略。德国建筑节能更新倡导全面节能的理念,重视技术突破与实践应用的有机结合,强调使用者的舒适性、建筑物使用的节能性、建筑施工及安装中的环保性。在建筑更新中尽量减少建筑中机械设备,采用绿色清洁材料,充分利用可再生能源,加之以创新性的、因地制宜的设计方法来达到节能的目的,符合建筑可持续发展的需求。我国的城市建设正处于飞速发展的时期,大规模的城市建设和大拆大建现象,使得环境和资源都承受了巨大的压力,我国建筑领域将由大规模新建逐渐转向注重旧建筑适应性更新再利用阶段。德国经过实践检验的先进建筑节能更新策略对我国方兴未艾的建筑节能更新具有普遍的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the global economic and social development is accompanied by huge energy consumption, and the energy problem has gradually become a common problem all over the world. The worldwide energy crisis and the contradiction between energy demand and supply in developing countries, led by China, make energy conservation receive unprecedented attention. The energy consumption of architecture is as high as 30% -40% in the global energy consumption, which makes the energy problem of building energy become the most important task of energy consumption and energy shortage. At present, there are two main research directions to solve the problem of energy loss of buildings: one is to carry out energy-saving design from the initial stage of buildings; the other is to carry out energy-saving renewal of buildings. Germany has reached the world leading level in the theoretical and technical research of building renewal, and has achieved outstanding results in the practice of building energy conservation renewal. Based on this background, this paper summarizes the development course of building energy conservation renewal in Germany, introduces the core contents of energy saving policies and regulations, and systematically discusses the energy saving technology and its application in building renewal. The German government promulgates a series of laws and regulations to popularize energy-saving buildings. Under the promotion of the policy, Germany pays attention to energy saving in building renewal, and its energy saving renewal technology has also been put into practice in our country. On this basis, this paper takes the theory and technology summary of energy saving renewal as the starting point, taking field investigation and analysis as the method, from three aspects of building enclosure structure, building space and building equipment. The energy saving strategy in German building renewal is studied systematically. In the respect of maintenance structure renewal, this paper elaborates the specific energy-saving strategies from five aspects: optimizing natural lighting of existing buildings, strengthening the thermal insulation performance of windows, doors and balcony, strengthening the thermal insulation transformation of the exterior wall, strengthening the ventilation transformation, and retrofitting the energy-saving roof. In the aspect of building space renewal, this paper discusses how to use the space of atrium, solar room and "air layer space" to optimize the comfort of indoor environment, and to adopt reasonable renewal strategy according to the requirement of building function. In the aspect of building equipment renewal, this paper mainly introduces the energy saving principle of mechanical auxiliary ventilation system, fresh air heat recovery system, sun shading intelligent photoelectric system and solar photovoltaic system. And through the actual renewal case analysis its energy-saving effect, obtains the energy saving renewal to the existing building the application strategy. German building energy conservation renewal advocates the idea of comprehensive energy saving, attaches importance to the organic combination of technical breakthrough and practical application, emphasizes the comfort of users, the energy saving of building use, and the environmental protection in building construction and installation. In the renewal of buildings, the mechanical equipment is reduced as much as possible, the green clean materials are adopted, the renewable energy is fully utilized, and the innovative and local design methods are used to achieve the purpose of energy saving and meet the needs of the sustainable development of buildings. The urban construction in our country is in a period of rapid development. The phenomenon of large-scale urban construction and large-scale demolition and construction has put great pressure on the environment and resources. The construction field of our country will gradually change from large-scale construction to the stage of adaptive renewal and reuse of old buildings. German advanced building energy-saving renewal strategy which has been proved by practice has universal reference significance for the building energy-saving renewal of our country in the ascendant.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU201.5

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