长沙市应急避难场所规划布局研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 05:52

本文选题：应急避难场所 + GIS　；参考：《湖南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：城市及其居民的安全关系到城市的健康有序发展。随着城市化进程，城市安全问题频频出现，自然灾害和人为事故不断发生，威胁到城市及其居民的安全，城市在发展的同时也在积聚着风险。城市应急避难场所是应对城市自然灾害和突发事件的重要场所，它的规划布局影响着城市及其居民的应急避难能力和规避风险的水平。自08年四川汶川地震后，应急避难场所的规划建设问题引起人们的广泛关注。传统的应急避难场所规划布局的研究多以定性研究为主，规划布局建设或以以往经验为依据或先建设后规划，缺乏对城市应急避难场所规划布局的科学理性分析，导致现有应急避难场所的规划布局存在一定的盲目性。基于现有的研究成果，本文借鉴国内外学者的研究结论，以及国内外部分城市应急避难场所的规划建设经验，在分析城市应急避难场所的基本内涵和设计标准的基础上，以长沙市为例，对长沙市应急避难场所的规划布局现状进行深入调查研究，实地考察长沙市现有应急避难场所，并就应急避难场所与居民进行访谈，，切实了解长沙市应急避难场所的建设现状，分析长沙市应急避难场所建设的特点和存在的问题。参考国内外防灾规划体系对应急避难场所进行等级规划，将长沙市应急避难场所分为市级、区级、社区级三个等级，不同等级的应急避难场所在规模大小、服务范围、配套设施等方面有不同设置要求，方便管理和组织应急救援行动。并试图运用GIS空间分析技术，如缓冲分析、叠加分析、网络分析等方法，对长沙市应急避难场所规划布局进行现状分析，定量描述应急避难场所服务缺口。结合长沙市实际情况进行应急避难场所的需求预测，进而结合长沙市市区区划进行应急避难场所分级规划，结合长沙市适宜建设应急避难场所用地与不适宜建设应急避难场所用地分析进行用地布局规划，根据不同等级应急避难场所配套设施设置标准进行配套设施规划，在现有道路结构基础上，结合应急避难场所布局进行避难疏散道路规划。最后，对长沙市应急避难场所的规划建设提出一些建议，如应该建立应急避难网络，建立并完善GIS应急避难系统数据库，分期规划建设应急避难场所，避难场所用地的复合使用以及针对不同灾害与事件设置应急避难场所，提高公众防灾避难意识等，以期为长沙市应急避难场所建设提供科学依据和参考。虽然对于应急避难场所的研究已经有很多，但是还没有形成完善的、切实可行的操作系统，也没有比较完善的管理制度，人们对于应急避难场所缺乏必要的了解。因此，对于应急避难场所的应用性研究与探讨还是十分有必要。
[Abstract]:The safety of the city and its residents is related to the healthy and orderly development of the city. With the process of urbanization, urban security problems appear frequently, natural disasters and man-made accidents occur constantly, threatening the safety of cities and their residents, while the city is also accumulating risks. Urban emergency shelter is an important place to deal with urban natural disasters and emergencies. Its layout affects the ability of emergency shelter and the level of avoiding risks of the city and its residents. Since the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province, the planning and construction of emergency shelters has attracted wide attention. The traditional research on the layout of emergency shelter is mainly qualitative, and the planning layout is based on the previous experience or the planning after the construction, which lacks the scientific and rational analysis of the layout of the emergency shelter in the city. As a result, there is blindness in the planning and layout of existing emergency shelters. Based on the existing research results, this paper draws lessons from the research conclusions of domestic and foreign scholars, as well as the planning and construction experience of some urban emergency shelters at home and abroad, on the basis of analyzing the basic connotation and design standards of urban emergency shelters. Taking Changsha as an example, the planning and layout status of emergency shelter in Changsha is investigated, and the existing emergency shelter in Changsha is investigated on the spot, and the residents are interviewed about the emergency shelter. To understand the present situation of emergency shelter construction in Changsha, and analyze the characteristics and problems of emergency shelter construction in Changsha. Referring to the disaster prevention planning system at home and abroad, the emergency shelter in Changsha is divided into three levels: city level, district level and community level. Supporting facilities and other aspects of different requirements for the management and organization of emergency rescue operations. Using GIS spatial analysis technology, such as buffer analysis, superposition analysis, network analysis and so on, this paper attempts to analyze the present situation of the layout of emergency shelter in Changsha, and quantitatively describe the service gap of emergency shelter. According to the actual situation of Changsha City, the demand for emergency shelter is forecasted, and then the emergency shelter planning is carried out according to the urban zoning of Changsha City. According to the analysis of the suitable and unsuitable sites for emergency shelter construction in Changsha, the layout planning of the land is carried out, and the supporting facilities are planned according to the setting standards of the supporting facilities of different levels of emergency shelters. On the basis of the existing road structure, the emergency evacuation road planning is carried out in combination with the emergency shelter layout. Finally, some suggestions are put forward for the planning and construction of emergency asylum sites in Changsha, such as the establishment of emergency shelter network, the establishment and improvement of GIS emergency asylum system database, and the planning and construction of emergency asylum sites by stages. In order to provide scientific basis and reference for the construction of emergency shelter in Changsha City, the compound use of refuge sites and emergency shelters for different disasters and events, and raising the public awareness of disaster prevention and asylum, are proposed in order to provide a scientific basis and reference for the construction of emergency shelters in Changsha. Although there has been a lot of research on emergency shelter, but there is no perfect, feasible operating system, there is no more perfect management system, people lack the necessary understanding of emergency shelter. Therefore, it is necessary to study and discuss the application of emergency shelter.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984.116

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