建设监理企业区位选择的理论与实证研究

发布时间：2018-05-23 23:08

本文选题：建设监理企业 + 区位理论　；参考：《西北大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：在我国的快速工业化和城镇化进程中,建设监理企业是建设工程的基本质量责任主体之一,由其提供的工程监理、项目管理、造价咨询、招标代理等相关建筑技术服务对于保证工程质量、进度并提高投资效益作用重大。更为重要的是,建设监理企业本身具有的生产性服务业属性决定了它的空间活动并不仅仅处于服务区域建筑业可持续增长的从属地位,还可对产业结构转型中城市与区域空间重构发挥重要作用。鉴于当前支撑建设监理企业发展的区位研究薄弱,企业区位选择、空间扩张和演变规律与机制尚不清楚,论文将建设监理企业这一特殊的生产性服务业带入经济活动空间分布与区位选择等经济地理学的经典命题之中,通过规范研究和实证研究相结合、定性分析与定量分析相结合的方法,揭示建设监理企业群体和个体在不同空间尺度上的分布特征与活动规律,梳理中国工程建设领域生产性服务活动的空间规律及其与城市和区域发展间的内在关系,拓展经济地理学的研究视角,丰富和细化我国对生产性服务业开展地理学研究的内容与深度。论文在界定建设监理相关概念并详述相关文献的基础上,首先从经济地理学学科视角提出了建设监理企业区位研究的框架结构。其次,从区域尺度上透视了中国31个省级行政单位之间建设监理企业的空间分布、结构演进及其与区域环境的交互作用,提出了企业区域格局优化的对策；再次,将研究视角深入至城市内部街区尺度,系统分析了引起建设监理企业向城市内部特定资质属性场所集聚的影响因子与动力机制,并据此识别出建设监理企业与城市规划建设之间的互动关系；最后,基于对个体建设监理企业空间活动特点及其规律的理论分析,详细探讨了个体建设监理企业的区位模式演化过程,深入发掘了区位地理邻近与提升建设监理企业内部知识传播效率之间的关联作用。论文的主要内容和结论如下： (1)建筑业生产方式垂直分工和工程建设监管职责外部化等客观要求赋予了建设监理企业生产性服务业的基本职能属性。在此背景下,综合了经济地理、企业地理及相关学科领域关于生产性服务业研究的理论观点和方法,建构了覆盖宏观区域分布和微观城市区位、囊括企业群体空间活动规律及个体空间行为特征的建设监理企业区位研究框架。 (2)基于建设监理行业调查与arcgis技术,研判了中国建设监理企业在数量规模、营业收入与从业人员上的空间分布格局；通过分析建设监理企业的服务特点,提出了4类9项影响建设监理企业空间分布的因子体系；分别以2006年和2010年中国31个省、区、市的企业数量与企业优势度(企业资质水平指数QI)为基础,结合省域层面的统计数据及自主调查资料,运用回归分析、偏相关分析等技术手段,剖析了各项影响因素对企业空间分布的作用性质、强度及变化特征；根据省区尺度上企业空间发展与地理环境关联要素的相互促进与抑制关系,提出了协调企业区域格局的对策和建议。对宏观层面企业空间分布的研究表明：①建设监理企业的空间分布呈广泛而不均衡的态势,区域层面上企业多集中分布于中国东中部经济较为发达的省区,城市层面上则以北京、上海、广州等传统大城市为企业集中分布地；各省区建设监理企业优势度(QI)的分布亦按经济发展水平梯度变化,呈东强西弱的不均衡格局。②对企业数量的回归分析结果反映出地区建筑业总产值、工程技术人员与勘察设计企业数量均长期而显著地影响着建设监理企业的空间分布,而互联网与行业协会的影响作用则在新近一个时期变得较为显著。③偏相关系数的变化特征揭示出建设监理企业优势度与企业数量指标的地区差异成因有所不同,企业优势度主要取决于各地的技术市场活跃程度、专业化工程技术人员保有量以及建设监理行业协会组织的发达程度。 (3)在分析建设监理企业生产链特点的基础上,结合生产性服务业相关区位理论,探究了建设监理企业城市内部区位选择的集聚取向及形成机制,提出了决定企业区位选择的因子体系,并以西安市内建设监理企业区位选择的实例对相关理论假设进行了验证。一方面,借助空间自相关分析方法及Geoda软件,研判了2000年至2011年街区尺度上企业数量的聚散过程；另一方面,在大量详实的城市规划和市政建设工程资料支撑下,应用空间分析技术及回归分析模型,在街区尺度上考量了各区位因子对于建设监理企业区位选择的作用性质及贡献程度。对微观层面建设监理企业城市区位选择的理论研究及实证检验结果均支持下述结论：①在城市内部特定空间上集聚是建设监理企业城市区位选择的基本特征。②即时接触关键人员、获取地方化经济、占有人力资源并享受优惠政策等三方面的需要是引起建设监理企业区位集聚的主要作用力,而建筑技术服务企业间交互作用则是建设监理企业城市区位选择的首要影响因子。③不同区位因子对建设监理企业选址的影响程度差异性为摸索企业布局的城市空间规划指引提供了线索。在西安的实例研究中,由企业间协作或效仿需要所主导的区位集聚类型和由开发区规划导向带来的区位集聚类型就形成了鲜明的对比。 (4)从理论上对个体建设监理企业区位的空间扩张和演变进行了系统探讨。从工程建设活动的内在要求出发,通过深挖建设监理企业区位空间扩张过程中的进入性优势和根植性劣势,并将其与企业空间扩张的生存性目标相叠合,得到了该类企业区位分布的总体演化规律、模式及阶段性特征。与此同时,基于企业空间扩张的发展性目标,对区位地理邻近与提升企业内部知识传播效率之间的关联性进行了深入探讨。一方面解构和重构了建设监理企业知识传播的通道类型；另一方面则将建设监理企业蕴含隐性知识再分类为共享型和独占型,并分析了它们各自的空间传播特点。在此基础上,根据企业知识传播通道类型的结构属性差异,考量了其间不同种类隐性知识空间传输的可行性与可靠性,并据此得出对上述关联性问题的合理解释。 (5)借助企业案例研究中获取的丰富数据和资料,通过对三个关键命题的实证检验,较好地验证和诠释了个体建设监理企业区位的空间演变规律。主要包括：①建设监理企业区位的总体分布格局随时间推移呈现显著的不均衡特征；②建设监理企业区位演变模式具有“先全面开花、后竞争性选择”的特殊规律；③建设监理企业内部知识传播效率提高与其区位地理邻近的正向关联仅在共享型隐性知识流动于交互矩阵式知识传播通道时才会发生。
[Abstract]:In the process of rapid industrialization and urbanization in China, the construction supervision enterprise is one of the basic quality responsibility subjects of the construction project. The construction supervision, project management, cost consulting, bidding agent and other related architectural technical services provided by it are of great importance to ensure the quality of the project, progress and improve the investment benefit. The quality of the production service industry of the supervision enterprise itself determines its space activities and is not only in the subordinate position of the sustainable growth of the construction industry in the service region, but also plays an important role in the urban and regional space reconstruction in the transformation of the industrial structure. The law and mechanism of space expansion and evolution are not clear. The paper introduces the special productive service industry of construction supervision enterprises into the classical propositions of economic geography, such as the spatial distribution of economic activities and location selection, and the combination of normative and empirical research, and the combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, and reveals the method of combining qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. To construct the distribution characteristics and activity rules of the group and individual on different spatial scales, to comb the spatial regularity of the productive service activities in the field of Chinese engineering construction and the inner relationship with the urban and regional development, expand the perspective of the economic geography and enrich and refine the geography of the productive service industry in China. The content and depth of the study.
On the basis of defining the related concepts of construction supervision and detailed literature, the paper first proposed the framework of the location research of construction supervision enterprises from the perspective of economic geography. Secondly, the spatial distribution, structural evolution and regional ring of the construction supervision enterprises between 31 provincial administrative units in China were viewed from the regional scale. The interaction between the environment and the Countermeasures of the optimization of the enterprise regional pattern is put forward. Again, the research angle of view is deep into the urban inner block scale, and the influence factors and the dynamic mechanism that cause the construction supervision enterprises to gather in the special qualification and attribute place in the city are systematically analyzed, and the construction supervision enterprises and the urban planning and construction are identified accordingly. In the end, based on the theoretical analysis of the characteristics and laws of the space activities of the individual construction supervision enterprises, the evolution process of the location pattern of the individual construction supervision enterprises is discussed in detail, and the relationship between the geographical proximity and the enhancement of the internal knowledge transmission efficiency of the construction supervision enterprises is deeply explored. And the conclusions are as follows:
(1) the objective requirements of the vertical division of labor in the construction industry and the externalization of the supervision responsibility for the construction of the construction industry have given the basic functional attributes of the productive service industry of the construction supervision enterprises. In this context, the theoretical views and methods of the research on productive services in the areas of economic geography, enterprise geography and related disciplines have been synthesized and the macro coverage is constructed. Regional location and micro urban location, including the spatial activity rules of enterprise group and the characteristics of individual spatial behavior, are the research framework for the location of construction supervision enterprises.
(2) based on the survey of construction supervision industry and ArcGIS technology, the spatial distribution pattern of Chinese construction supervision enterprises in quantity scale, operating income and employees is studied. By analyzing the service characteristics of construction supervision enterprises, 4 kinds of 9 factors which affect the spatial distribution of construction supervision enterprises are put forward, respectively in 2006 and 2010. On the basis of the number of enterprises in 31 provinces, districts and cities and enterprise advantage degree (enterprise qualification level index QI), combined with statistical data from the provincial level and independent survey data, using regression analysis, partial correlation analysis and other technical means, the effects of various factors on the spatial distribution of enterprises, intensity and change characteristics are analyzed, according to the ruler of the province. On the basis of the relationship between the spatial development of enterprises and the factors of mutual promotion and inhibition of geographical environment, countermeasures and suggestions for coordinating the regional pattern of enterprises are put forward.
The research on the spatial distribution of enterprises on the macro level shows that: (1) the spatial distribution of construction supervision enterprises is widely and unevenly distributed. At the regional level, enterprises are mostly distributed in the more developed provinces and regions of East and central China, and the large cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou are concentrated and distributed to the enterprises on the urban level; The distribution of QI is also changed according to the level of economic development, and the uneven pattern of East strong west is weak. The results of regression analysis on the number of enterprises reflect the total output value of regional construction industry. The number of engineering technicians and survey and design enterprises have long and significant influence on the spatial distribution of construction supervision enterprises, and interconnected. The influence of the network and Industry Association has become more significant in the recent period. 3. The variation characteristics of the partial correlation coefficient reveal that the causes of regional differences between the strengths of the construction supervision enterprises and the number of enterprises are different. The dominance of the enterprises mainly depends on the active degree of the technology market in various places, and the specialized engineering technicians are preserved. Quantity and degree of development of construction supervision Association.
(3) on the basis of analyzing the characteristics of the production chain of the construction supervision enterprises and combining the relative location theory of the productive service industry, this paper explores the agglomeration orientation and the formation mechanism of the urban location selection in the construction supervision enterprises, and puts forward the factor system for determining the location selection of the enterprises, and the relevant examples of the location selection of the construction supervision enterprises in the city of West an City are related to the relevant cases. On the one hand, with the help of spatial autocorrelation analysis and Geoda software, the paper studies the accumulation and dispersion process of the number of enterprises on the block scale from 2000 to 2011; on the other hand, under the support of a large number of detailed urban planning and municipal construction engineering data, the space analysis and regression analysis models are applied to the block scale. The role and contribution of location factors to location selection of construction supervision enterprises are considered.
The theoretical research and empirical test results of the urban location selection for the micro level construction supervision enterprises all support the following conclusions: (1) the basic characteristics of the urban location selection of the construction supervision enterprises in the specific space of the city are the basic characteristics of the urban location selection of the construction supervision enterprises. The three aspects are the main forces that cause the location agglomeration of the construction supervision enterprises, and the interaction between the construction technology service enterprises is the primary influence factor of the urban location selection of the construction supervision enterprises. 3. The difference of the influence degree of the different location factors on the site selection of the construction supervision enterprise is the urban spatial planning of exploring the layout of the enterprise. Cue provides a clue. In the case study of Xi'an, a distinct contrast is formed between the type of regional agglomeration led by inter enterprise collaboration or imitation and the type of location agglomeration brought by the planning guidance of the development zone.
(4) a systematic discussion is made on the spatial expansion and evolution of the location of the individual construction supervision enterprise. From the internal requirements of the project construction activities, the entry and root inferiority of the construction supervision enterprises in the process of regional expansion are dug, and they are overlapped with the survival goals of the enterprise space expansion. At the same time, based on the development goal of enterprise space expansion, the relationship between geographical proximity and improving the efficiency of knowledge dissemination is discussed. On the one hand, it deconstructs and reconstructs the channel types of knowledge dissemination in construction supervision enterprises. On the other hand, the hidden knowledge of construction supervision enterprises is reclassified into shared and exclusive type, and their spatial distribution characteristics are analyzed. Based on this, the feasibility and reliability of the transmission of different kinds of hidden knowledge space are measured according to the differences in the structure properties of the types of knowledge communication channels in the enterprise. A reasonable explanation of the above related problems.
(5) with the help of the rich data and data obtained in the case study of the enterprise, through the empirical test of the three key propositions, the spatial evolution law of the location of the individual construction supervision enterprise is verified and annotated. The regional evolution model of the construction supervision enterprise has the special law of "first full bloom and post competitive choice". Thirdly, the positive correlation between the improvement of knowledge transmission efficiency and the geographical proximity of the construction supervision enterprise only occurs when the shared recessive knowledge flows in the interactive matrix knowledge communication channel.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.92

【参考文献】