南京城市防灾空间历史演变及其特征研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 16:33

本文选题：防灾空间 + 空间演变　；参考：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着灾害的频繁、城市易损性增加和信息传播速度的加快,人们对防灾的关注度越来越高,城市空间的防灾功能也越来越受到重视。无论是防灾的相关学术研究,还是城市防灾建设实践活动,在近几十年都大大增加。虽然从城市出现开始就有了防灾建设,但从历史角度,对城市防灾空间发展进行阐述的研究却不多。作为城市空间的一部分,对防灾空间的演变研究,是有历史和现实意义的。本文以笔者自身学习和生活的城市——南京作为研究对象,梳理南京从城邑出现发展到现在的城市防灾空间的整个演变过程,以探求防灾空间演变特征。本文从对防灾空间解析入手,明确防灾空间的内涵是包括了具有防灾功能的城市物质空间、城市结构形态和区域联系结构以及这些物质空间载体所承载的能促进防灾功能发挥的各种关系。再基于防灾空间的物质基础,从空间尺度的角度构建了区域、城市、社区、建筑四级防灾空间等级体系。这是南京防灾空间演变的空间维度。同时,本文又梳理了南京城市发展历程,根据南京城的变迁,分为城邑出现期、古代城市发展期、近代城市发展期和现代化城市发展期四个阶段。这是南京防灾空间演变的时间维度。随后,本文梳理了南京城市灾害的发生状况,认为对城市影响最深刻的是地震、水灾、火灾和兵灾。这四种灾害作为防灾空间的主要应对灾种。由此,文章从这四个层次的空间维度和四个阶段的时间维度,针对四种灾害,对南京城市防灾空间进行梳理和分析,总结其演变特征：在区域层次上,城址逐步固定,区域防灾向有意识方向发展；在城市层面上,防灾空间由孤立走向体系,由简单走向复杂；在社区层面上,防灾空间从孤立走向体系,避难空间增多；在建筑层面上,侧重结构安全和防火能力,防灾空间精细化、严格化发展。最后,论文进一步剖析了南京城市防灾空间演变的主要影响因素和对现代城市防灾空间实践的借鉴意义,并初步总结了城市防灾空间的演变规律。
[Abstract]:With the frequent disasters, the increase of urban vulnerability and the speed of information dissemination, people pay more and more attention to disaster prevention, and more attention is paid to the function of urban space disaster prevention. Both the academic research on disaster prevention and the practical activities of urban disaster prevention construction have greatly increased in recent decades. Although there has been disaster prevention construction since the emergence of the city, but from the historical point of view, there are few studies on the development of urban disaster prevention space. As a part of urban space, it is of historical and practical significance to study the evolution of disaster prevention space. This paper takes Nanjing, a city where I study and live, as the object of study, combing the whole evolution process of the urban disaster prevention space from the emergence of the city to the present, in order to explore the characteristics of the evolution of the disaster prevention space. Starting with the analysis of disaster prevention space, this paper clarifies that the connotation of disaster prevention space includes urban material space with disaster prevention function. The form of urban structure and the regional connection structure, and the relationships between these material space carriers can promote the function of disaster prevention. Based on the material foundation of disaster prevention space, the spatial hierarchy system of regional, urban, community and architectural disaster prevention is constructed from the perspective of spatial scale. This is the spatial dimension of the spatial evolution of Nanjing disaster prevention. At the same time, this article combs the Nanjing city development course, according to the Nanjing city vicissitude, divides into the city appearance period, the ancient city development period, the modern city development period and the modern city development period four stages. This is the time dimension that Nanjing disaster prevention space evolves. Then, this article combs the occurrence situation of Nanjing city disaster, and thinks that the most profound influence to the city is earthquake, flood, fire and military disaster. These four kinds of disasters are the main ones in disaster prevention space. Therefore, from the spatial dimension of the four levels and the time dimension of the four stages, this paper combs and analyzes the urban disaster prevention space in Nanjing, and summarizes its evolution characteristics: at the regional level, the city site is fixed step by step. At the urban level, the disaster prevention space changes from isolation to system, from simple to complex; at the community level, disaster prevention space moves from isolation to system, and asylum space increases; at the architectural level, disaster prevention space increases. Emphasis on structural safety and fire resistance, disaster prevention space refinement, strict development. Finally, the paper further analyzes the main influencing factors of urban disaster prevention space evolution in Nanjing and the reference significance to the practice of modern urban disaster prevention space, and preliminarily summarizes the evolution law of urban disaster prevention space.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984.116

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