夏热冬冷地区城市公共空间热环境及舒适性研究

发布时间：2018-06-06 03:47

本文选题：城市 + 公共空间　；参考：《中南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：城市公共空间是居民开展室外活动的重要场所。随着城市用地日趋紧张,如何提高城市公共空间的利用率,已成为各地政府和居民关注的焦点问题。影响其利用率的关键因素是城市公共空间的热舒适性,而热舒适程度则主要取决于所处的热环境。因此,开展城市公共空间热环境及舒适性的研究对于建设高品质的公共空间具有重要意义。夏热冬冷地区城市公共空间的热环境全年变化明显,进而导致人体热舒适变化较大。本文以长沙市(夏热冬冷地区)为例,根据公共空间物理结构的差异,选取典型城市公共空间(公园、街道、广场、校园)进行全年热环境测量和热舒适问卷调查。结合测量数据和问卷调查结果,采用统计学分析方法处理数据,进行公共空间热环境及热舒适研究。研究首先对影响人体热舒适的四个重要热环境参数(空气温度、相对湿度、黑球温度和风速)进行分析,得到公共空间热环境的季节特征,并解释了引起热环境特征差异的原因。其次分析了不同物理结构(植被、水体、下垫面材质等)对公共空间局部热环境的影响规律。最后将热环境与人体热舒适相结合,分析公共空间热环境对热舒适分布特征的影响,讨论影响热舒适的主要因素空气温度与热感觉的关系,并利用physiological equivalent temperature(PET)评价指标作为生理依据,获得不同公共空间的中性PET值。研究结果表明：不同公共空间的热环境存在较为明显的差异；绿化对局部热环境具有显著影响,一方面降低周围温度增加湿度,另一方面树木阻隔气流,降低风速,遮阴作用又显著降低太阳辐射强度；水体具有降温加湿的作用,下垫面材质类型对湿度有显著影响；室外人体热感觉受热环境影响较大,公共空间热环境特征的差异导致热感觉投票差异明显；公共空间热环境的差异导致中性空气温度差异明显,不同季节各测点的中性PET也存在差异。论文研究表明城市公共空间的设计应针对当地自然气候特征,利用合适的物理结构因素(植物、水体、建筑等),实现对公共空间局部热环境的合理调节。
[Abstract]:Urban public space is an important place for residents to carry out outdoor activities. With the increasing shortage of urban land use, how to improve the utilization rate of urban public space has become the focus of attention of local governments and residents. The key factor affecting the utilization rate is the thermal comfort of the urban public space, and the thermal comfort degree mainly depends on the thermal environment in which it is located. Therefore, the research on thermal environment and comfort of urban public space is of great significance to the construction of high quality public space. The thermal environment of urban public space in hot summer and cold winter area changes obviously throughout the year, which leads to great changes in thermal comfort of human body. Taking Changsha city (hot summer and cold winter area) as an example, according to the difference of physical structure of public space, this paper selects typical urban public space (park, street, square, campus) to conduct annual thermal environment measurement and thermal comfort questionnaire. Based on the survey data and questionnaire results, the thermal environment and thermal comfort of public space were studied by means of statistical analysis. Firstly, four important thermal environment parameters (air temperature, relative humidity, black sphere temperature and wind speed) that affect the thermal comfort of human body are analyzed, and the seasonal characteristics of thermal environment in public space are obtained. The reasons for the difference of thermal environmental characteristics are also explained. Secondly, the influence of different physical structures (vegetation, water body, underlying surface material, etc.) on the local thermal environment of public space is analyzed. Finally, by combining thermal environment with thermal comfort of human body, the influence of thermal environment in public space on thermal comfort distribution is analyzed, and the relationship between air temperature and thermal sensation, which is the main factor influencing thermal comfort, is discussed. The neutral PET values of different public spaces were obtained by using the physiological equivalent temperature index as physiological basis. The results show that there are obvious differences in the thermal environment between different public spaces, and greening has a significant effect on the local thermal environment. On the one hand, it reduces the ambient temperature and increases the humidity, on the other hand, the trees block the air flow and reduce the wind speed. The shading effect also significantly reduced the solar radiation intensity; the water body had the effect of cooling and humidifying, and the material type of the underlying surface had a significant effect on the humidity; the outdoor human body thermal feeling was greatly affected by the heat environment. The difference of thermal environment in public space leads to the difference of thermal sensation voting, and the difference of thermal environment in public space leads to the difference of neutral air temperature, and the difference of neutral PET in different seasons. The research shows that the design of urban public space should be based on the local natural climate characteristics, and make use of the appropriate physical structure factors (plants, water bodies, buildings, etc.) to realize the rational adjustment of local thermal environment of public space.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU111

【参考文献】