净水工艺过程中三氯乙醛控制技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-06 09:34

本文选题：消毒副产物 + 三氯乙醛　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：三氯乙醛(CH)是除三卤甲烷和卤乙酸以外的具有遗传毒性和致畸性的第三大类消毒副产物(DBPs)。南方地区常年高温多雨、水体中藻类爆发频繁,CH容易产生超标风险,但目前水厂实践和文献中,都缺乏控制CH经济高效的方法。本课题通过研究不同水厂工艺过程中不同极性有机物的CH生成和去除情况,为CH控制方案的形成提供指导,并针对南方地区的不同水源和工艺特点,采用强化混凝、炭砂滤池来控制CH。常规工艺和臭氧活性炭工艺(O3/BAC)中不同极性有机物的CH生成与去除研究表明:混凝沉淀、BAC工艺对CH及其前体物去除率最高,而砂滤工艺对其去除率较低。原水中以亲水性有机物为主,其次为强疏水性有机物和弱疏水性有机物。混凝沉淀主要去除的是藻类、颗粒性有机物和大分子疏水性有机物,BAC主要去除的是亲水性有机物。常规工艺中CH超标风险高,提高常规工艺对CH控制效果的最经济、有效的方法是:强化混凝沉淀工艺、提高砂滤池的去除效果。改变混凝条件研究表明:p H为6.0~7.0时,新絮凝剂对CH前体物的去除效果明显好于聚合氯化铝(PAC);p H为7.0~8.5时,PAC的去除效果更好;两种絮凝剂在p H为7.0时,CH的生成量都最低。低投加量时(2~6 mg/L),新絮凝剂对CHFP去除效果好于PAC;在6 mg/L最佳投量下,PAC和新絮凝剂对CHFP的去除率分别为63.20%和69.60%;在高投量时(6~10 mg/L),PAC的处理效果较好。投加PAM对CH前体物去除效果好于HCA。吸附联合混凝研究表明:粉炭适用于单独吸附或与混凝联合去除CH前体物,最适投量为30 mg/L,粉炭单独吸附对1天的CH生成量(CH1d)和CHFP的去除率分别为57.49%和75.21%;与单纯混凝相比,粉炭联合混凝对CH1d和CHFP去除率分别提高了14.26%和18.49%。粉炭、膨润土对CH吸附效果较好。预氧化联合混凝研究表明:KMn O4、Cl O2、H2O2和超声联合混凝对CH前体物去除效果最好,KMn O4、Cl O2和H2O2最适投量分别为0.4 mg/L、0.5 mg/L和3.0 mg/L,超声最适参数为70 W,40 KHz,15 s。与单纯混凝相比,增加KMn O4、Cl O2、H2O2、超声对CH1d和CHFP的去除率分别提高了9.67%和2.36%、12.18%和2.15%、6.37%和5.89%、4.34%和5.84%。Cl2、O3、O3/H2O2联合混凝可增大CH的生成量,且O3/H2O2比O3的CH生成量更高。炭砂滤柱对于CH及其前体物的去除研究表明:滤柱对CH及其前体物有很好的去除效果,出水中CH都小于1.00μg/L,CHFP均值为15.20μg/L。炭砂滤柱对CH和CH前体物平均去除率为99.11%和41.38%。炭和砂最适厚度分别为1.0 m和0.4 m,相应的CH前体物去除率为42.37%。曝气炭砂滤柱最适气水比为0.14,对CH前体物的去除率可提高4.80%。滤柱最适滤速为8 m/h,相应的CH前体物去除率为44.63%。
[Abstract]:Trichloroacetaldehyde (Ch) is the third class of disinfection by-products with genetic toxicity and teratogenicity besides trihalomethane and haloacetic acid. In the south of China, the algae burst frequently in southern China is prone to exceed the standard. However, there is a lack of economic and efficient methods to control Ch in the practice and literature of water plants. By studying the formation and removal of organic matter with different polarity in the process of different water plants, this subject provides guidance for the formation of Ch control scheme, and uses enhanced coagulation in view of different water sources and process characteristics in southern China. Carbon sand filter to control CH. Ch formation and removal of organic matter with different polarity in conventional process and ozone activated carbon process (O3 / BAC) showed that the removal rate of Ch and its precursors was the highest by coagulation precipitation and BAC process, but the removal rate by sand filtration process was lower. Hydrophilic organic compounds were dominant in raw water, followed by strong hydrophobic organic compounds and weak hydrophobic organic compounds. Coagulant precipitation mainly removes algae, granular organic matter and macromolecular hydrophobic organic substance BAC mainly remove hydrophilic organic matter. The risk of Ch exceeding the standard is high in the conventional process. The most economical way to improve the control effect of Ch by conventional process is to strengthen coagulation sedimentation process and improve the removal efficiency of sand filter. The results show that the removal efficiency of Ch precursor by new flocculant is better than that of PAC when pH = 7.0, and the yield of Ch is the lowest when pH is 7.0 and the removal efficiency of PAC is better than that of PAC when pH is 7.00.The results show that the effect of new flocculant on removal of Ch precursor is better than that of PAC when pH is 7.0.The results show that the new flocculant has better removal effect on Ch precursor. When the dosage was low, the removal rate of CHFP was 63.20% and 69.60% under the best dosage of 6 mg/L, respectively, and the treatment effect of the new flocculant was better than that of PAC.The new flocculant had a better effect on the removal of CHFP at a high dosage of 6mg 路L ~ (-1) and 10 mg 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1). The removal effect of Ch precursor by adding PAM is better than that of HCA. The results of adsorption and coagulation study showed that the removal rate of Ch precursor was 57.49% and 75.21%, respectively, and the optimum dosage was 30 mg / L, and the removal rate of Ch 1 d and CHFP were 57.49% and 75.21%, respectively, compared with pure coagulation, and the optimum dosage of carbon was 30 mg / L, and the removal rates of Ch 1 d and CHFP were 57.49% and 75.21%, respectively. The removal rates of CH1d and CHFP were increased by 14.26% and 18.49%, respectively. Carbon and bentonite have better adsorption effect on Ch. The results of pre-oxidation combined coagulation study showed that the best removal effect of Ch precursors by H _ 2O _ 2 and ultrasonic coagulation was 0.4 mg / L 0.5 mg/L and 3.0 mg 路L ~ (-1) for KMnO _ 4 O _ 4O _ 2 and H2O2, respectively, and the optimum ultrasonic parameters were 70 W ~ (40) KHz ~ (15) s. Compared with pure coagulation, the removal rate of CH1d and CHFP by ultrasound was increased by 9.67% and 2.360.18% and 2.15%, 6.37% and 5.894.34%, 5.84% and 5.84% respectively. The removal rate of CH1d and CHFP by ultrasound was increased by 9.67% and 2.36%, respectively, and the amount of Ch produced by O3/H2O2 was higher than that of O3. The removal of Ch and its precursors by carbon sand filter column showed that the removal efficiency of Ch and its precursors was very good. The average CHFP of Ch in effluent was less than 1.00 渭 g / L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) 渭 g 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1). The average removal rates of Ch and Ch precursors by carbon sand filter column were 99.11% and 41.38% respectively. The optimum thickness of carbon and sand is 1.0 m and 0.4 m respectively, and the removal rate of Ch precursor is 42.37 m. The optimum air-water ratio of aerated carbon sand filter column is 0.14, and the removal rate of Ch precursor can be increased by 4.80%. The optimum filtration rate was 8 m / h and the removal rate of Ch precursor was 44.63%.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU991.2

【参考文献】