体积置换法测量土石混合物组分含量

发布时间：2018-06-08 01:43

本文选题：孔隙 + 水分　；参考：《农业工程学报》2015年09期

【摘要】：土石混合物组分含量测量在农业生产、建筑施工及水利工程等方面都有重要的意义。该文根据体积置换原理测量土石混合物比例、土壤含水率、容重、孔隙度/孔隙比等一系列土壤物理参数。给出了测量原理、设备、试验方法与过程。采用陕西杨凌的黏黄土、吉林黑土以及粒径为5~10 mm的石砾,预制不同体积含水率(10%、15%、20%)、石砾体积比例(10%、15%、20%)和土壤颗粒体积比例(40%、45%、50%)的土样。首先采用体积置换法测得土样中石砾、土壤颗粒和土壤水的总体积,随后取出土样中的石砾,用体积置换法测得石砾体积,进而得到土壤颗粒和土壤水的体积,并据此得到土壤含水率、土壤容重、土中气体含量、土壤孔隙度和孔隙比。用烘干法测量得到土壤容重和含水率,将2种方法测得的结果对比分析表明,使用体积置换法测得的土壤含水率比烘干法测量的结果大,相对误差在5%左右,测量的土壤容重偏小约1%,土壤气体含量的测量相对误差约为2%。测量土壤孔隙度的相对误差约为1%,土壤孔隙比的测量误差为1%~1.5%。表明体积置换法可以较为准确地测量土石混合物中各组分的相对含量,具有操作便捷、测量精度高、有普遍适用性等优点,可以为相关研究和测量提供参考。
[Abstract]:The content measurement of soil and rock mixture is of great significance in agricultural production, construction and water conservancy engineering. In this paper, a series of soil physical parameters, such as ratio of soil and rock mixture, soil moisture content, bulk density, porosity / porosity ratio, were measured according to volume displacement principle. The measuring principle, equipment, test method and process are given. The clay loess of Yang Ling in Shaanxi, the black soil in Jilin Province and the gravel with a diameter of 5 ~ 10 mm were used to prefabricate the soil samples with different water content of 10 ~ 15% and 20 ~ 20%, the ratio of stone volume to gravel volume and the ratio of gravelly volume to soil particle volume and the ratio of soil particle volume to soil particle volume. The volume displacement method was used to measure the total volume of gravel, soil particles and soil water in soil samples, then the gravel volume of soil samples was taken out, and the volume of gravel was measured by volume displacement method, and then the volume of soil particles and soil water was obtained. Soil moisture content, bulk density, gas content, porosity and porosity ratio were obtained. Soil bulk density and moisture content were measured by drying method. The results of comparison and analysis showed that the soil moisture content measured by volume displacement method was larger than that measured by drying method, and the relative error was about 5%. The measured bulk density of soil is about 1 and the relative error of measurement of soil gas content is about 2. The relative error of measuring soil porosity is about 1 and that of soil porosity is 1. 5. The results show that the volume displacement method can accurately measure the relative content of each component in the mixture of soil and rock, and has the advantages of convenient operation, high accuracy and universal applicability. It can be used as a reference for the related research and measurement.
【作者单位】：中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院;中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室;Department
【基金】：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41230746);国家自然科学基金创新研究群体科学基金(51321001)
【分类号】：TU411

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