高层建筑火灾场景设置研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 16:30

本文选题：高层建筑 + 火灾场景　；参考：《重庆大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济的飞速发展，城市人口持续增多，高层建筑逐渐成为现代建筑发展的主流。由于高层建筑结构、使用功能等方面的特殊性，致使其发生火灾时具有不同于其他火灾形式的特点，完全采用传统的防火设计方法已经不能满足此类建筑的防火需求，性能化防火方法得到了快速发展和应用。设置火灾场景是开展性能化防火设计的基础环节，也是分析火灾烟气流动规律的基础。设置的火灾场景能否真实反映建筑火灾的危险性，直接影响到性能化防火设计的可靠性。因此，深入研究高层建筑火灾场景设置中的相关问题具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。课题来源于公安部重点研究计划项目“高层建筑火灾场景设计与灭火救援技战术研究”，采用理论分析、实体实验、FDS数值模拟三种研究方法相结合，分别对高层办公建筑、高层宾馆建筑、大型商场等三种典型建筑的火灾场景设置的相关问题进行了深入探讨。主要工作及研究成果如下： ①分析了火灾场景设置的相关理论，指出设置火灾场景的核心问题是设计火灾曲线；系统地阐述了热释放速率的确定方法及其特点；针对火灾蔓延问题，提出了可行的研究方法；基于火灾场景与人员疏散仿真一体化的思想，构建了建筑火灾仿真程序框架，并初步完成了程序整体框架的开发，实现了部分计算功能。 ②基于高层建筑火灾荷载的实地调研，分析了高层办公建筑、高层宾馆建筑、大型商场等三种典型建筑的火灾场景设置，确定了不同功能房间的火灾增长类型，最大热释放速率，以及火灾持续时间等相关参数，并以最不利情况为原则，确定了最危险的火灾场景，得出了合理的热释放速率变化曲线。 ③根据调研及理论分析结果，设计并开展了办公房间、宾馆客房以及服装商铺的全尺寸实体火灾实验，实验观测了火灾的发展蔓延过程，得到了一系列时间、温度数据以及火灾图像，录像等资料，完整地描述了三种实验条件下的火灾蔓延过程，为后续的研究提供了宝贵的基础资料。利用FDS软件分别对三种实验环境的火灾蔓延过程进行了模拟研究，结果表明，FDS模拟的火灾蔓延方向、温度变化趋势以及最高温度与实验结果基本一致，从而验证了在正确设置边界条件的基础上，，可用FDS软件模拟这三种场合的火灾蔓延问题。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, urban population continues to increase, high-rise buildings gradually become the mainstream of the development of modern architecture. Because of the particularity of high-rise building structure and function, it is different from other fire forms when fire occurs, so the traditional fire prevention design method can not meet the fire protection needs of this kind of building. The performance fire prevention method has been rapidly developed and applied. Setting fire scene is not only the basic link to develop performance-based fire prevention design, but also the basis of analyzing fire smoke flow law. Whether the fire scene can truly reflect the danger of building fire directly affects the reliability of performance-based fire prevention design. Therefore, it is of certain theoretical significance and practical value to deeply study the relevant problems in the fire scene setting of high-rise building. The subject comes from the key research project of the Ministry of Public Security, "the study on the Design of Fire scene and the techniques and tactics of Fire fighting and Rescue in High-rise Building". Based on the theoretical analysis and the numerical simulation of FDS, the problems related to fire scene setting of three typical buildings, such as high-rise office buildings, high-rise hotel buildings and large shopping malls, are discussed in depth. The main work and research results are as follows: 1 the related theory of setting fire scene is analyzed, the core problem of setting fire scene is to design fire curve, the method of determining heat release rate and its characteristics are expounded systematically. Based on the idea of integration of fire scene and evacuation simulation, the building fire simulation program framework is constructed, and the development of the whole program framework is preliminarily completed. Based on the field investigation of fire load of high-rise buildings, the fire scene settings of three typical buildings, such as high-rise office buildings, high-rise hotel buildings and large shopping malls, are analyzed. Related parameters such as fire growth type, maximum heat release rate and fire duration of different functional rooms are determined, and the most dangerous fire scenarios are determined based on the principle of the most adverse situation. According to the results of investigation and theoretical analysis, the full-scale solid fire experiments of office rooms, hotel rooms and clothing shops are designed and carried out, and the development and spread of the fire are observed experimentally. A series of time, temperature data, fire image and video data are obtained, and the fire spreading process under three experimental conditions is described completely, which provides valuable basic data for further research. Using FDS software to simulate the fire spread process in three experimental environments, the results show that the direction of fire spread, the trend of temperature change and the maximum temperature are basically consistent with the experimental results. Based on the correct setting of boundary conditions, FDS software can be used to simulate the fire spread problem in these three situations.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU972.4;TU998.1

【参考文献】