岩石破裂次声探测技术与信号特征研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 23:12

本文选题：岩石破裂 + 数字化次声波探测仪　；参考：《成都理工大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：随着人类社会的不断进步和工程建设的不断拓展，地质环境受到的扰动不断加大，同时由于全球极端气候等因素急剧变换的影响，全球范围内地质灾害的发生越来越频繁，对人类的生命财产安全造成越来越大的威胁和损失。尤其在我国近些年发生的如5.12汶川地震、4.20芦山地震多次强震作用下山体崩裂、河川易道，造成区域地质环境变得更加复杂与恶化，导致崩滑、泥石流等地质灾害年年来袭。由于岩石材料的脆性特征，宏观的变形破坏往往是非常短暂的过程，使得滑坡或崩塌灾害往往具有很强的突发性、隐蔽性和灾难性。岩质崩滑灾害是岩石破裂动态过程的累计(累积)效应，因此开展探测岩石破裂过程中伴随的物理现象并究其特征而间接获取灾害过程信息特征的工作是对此类灾害可监测预警的基础研究，是值得探索的科学问题。论文以国家重点基础研究计划项目973课题“西部山区大型滑坡致灾因子识别、前兆信息获取与预警方法研究（项目编号：2013CB733200）”为依托，以交叉学科体系为理论基础，解决了次声探测与分析的关键技术问题，展开了对室内岩石破裂、地壳岩层断裂（地震）及野外岩崩过程的次声波探测、识别与分析的一系列探索性研究。主要研究内容和创新性研究成果体现在以下几个方面：（1）自主研发了数字化次声波探测仪器系统，建立了次声波信息探测技术与分析方法体系。论文以电子学、嵌入式系统与结构、软件科学以及岩石力学等多学科交叉为理论体系基础，详细阐述了系统研发的方案构架和具体实施步骤，为室内或现场的次声波自动化探测提供了有力的科研探测装备。针对次声波信号的特点，论文也详细阐述了次声波信息处理分析方法，开发了基于MATLAB的GUI处理分析软件，实现了对次声探测仪器探测到的次声波数据的分析、识别和特征提取方法研究。（2）室内典型岩石破裂产生次声探测与信息特征试验研究。论文对六类典型岩石试样进行了单轴加载基础试验，通过数字化次声探测仪器对加载全过程的岩石破裂次声发射现象进行了自动探测，并对探测到的次声波数据进行处理、识别与分析，发现了岩石破裂过程产生次声波的物理现象，揭示了岩石破裂发生次声信号的频谱特征，建立了次声波发射与岩石岩性的定性关系，为岩质滑坡次声特征研究建立了技术方法基础。（3）地震产生次声波探测方法与信息特征研究。该研究通过数字化次声波探测仪器监测到并完整记录了2013年4月20日发生于四川雅安芦山的Ms7.0级地震及随后多次余震的地震次声波。作者逐一识别并提取了地震次声波事件信号，详细研究了震中次声波和本地次声波的时间域与频率域的分布特征及差异，，对地震次声波的产生机理进行了详细探讨，基于数理统计分析方法建立了芦山地震震级与次声信号间的数学关系模型，揭示了次声波是地震能量在空气中传播时所产生。（4）岩崩产生次声波探测方法与信息特征研究。该研究采用数字化次声波探测仪器对四川安县大光包滑坡北侧拉裂壁边界的小规模崩塌事件进行了长时连续监测，并对现场情况进行了人工同步观测，通过对所监测到的声波数据与所观测到的物理现象进行匹配、对比和分析分析发现：①崩塌灾害能产生特定的次声波信号；②崩塌灾害中主要是由于大型岩块与地面的相互运动，包括撞击、摩擦等产生次声波信号，且这些信号具有一定时频域分布特征；③雷电、大风等自然现象也能产生具备巨大能量的次声波信号。数据分析结果说明了岩崩地质灾害具有明显的次声波发射现象，能为该类灾害的监测预警奠定理论基础和提供技术参考。论文从室内到野外、从微观到宏观对岩石破裂过程产生的次声波信息进行了较为细致的探索性科学研究，研究结果证明了岩石破裂能产生具有特定规律的次声波发射的物理现象，为将来对岩质灾害的动态演变过程的多元化监测预警技术的发展奠定了理论基础，提供了技术参考，具有重要的科学研究价值。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of the human society and the continuous expansion of the engineering construction, the disturbance of the geological environment is increasing. At the same time, the global geological disaster is becoming more and more frequent because of the dramatic change of the global extreme climate and other factors. It has caused more and more threats and losses to the safety of human life and property, especially in China. In recent years, such as the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake, the 4.20 Lushan earthquake caused the collapse of the mountains and the river channel, which caused the regional geological environment to become more complicated and deteriorated, resulting in the years of geological disasters such as landslide and debris flow. Because of the brittle characteristics of rock materials, the macroscopic deformation and destruction are often very short process, making slippery and slippery. Slope or collapse disasters often have very strong abrupt, concealment and catastrophe. Rock landslide is the cumulative effect of the dynamic process of rock fracture. Therefore, the work of detecting the physical phenomena accompanied by the rock fracture process and investigating the characteristics of the disaster process indirectly is the monitoring and early warning for such disasters. Basic research is a scientific problem worth exploring.
The paper, based on the 973 subject of the national key basic research project, "the identification of large landslides in the western mountain area, the study of the precursor information acquisition and early warning method (project number: 2013CB733200)", has solved the key technical problems of the infrasound detection and analysis with the theoretical basis of the cross discipline system, and unfolded the rock breaking in the interior. A series of exploratory studies on the sonic detection, identification and analysis of the fracture (earthquake) and the field rock avalanche. The main research content and the innovative research results are reflected in the following aspects:
(1) the digital infrasound detection instrument system is independently developed, and the infrasonic information detection technology and analysis method system is set up. The thesis is based on the theory system base of electronics, embedded system and structure, software science and rock mechanics, and expounds the scheme framework and concrete implementation steps of the system research and development. The automatic sounding of infrasonic waves inside or on the spot provides powerful scientific research equipment. According to the characteristics of infrasonic signals, the paper also expounds the analysis method of infrasonic information processing, and develops the GUI processing and analysis software based on MATLAB, which realizes the analysis, recognition and feature extraction of infrasonic sonic data detected by the infrasound detection instrument. Method study.
(2) experimental study on the infrasonic detection and information characteristics of typical rock fracture in the room. The paper carried out a single axis loading test on six typical rock specimens. Through the digital infrasound detector, the infrasonic emission phenomenon of rock rupture was detected automatically in the whole process of loading, and the detected infrasonic data were processed and identified. The physical phenomena of infrasonic wave are found in the process of rock fracture, and the spectral characteristics of infrasonic signals are revealed. The qualitative relationship between the infrasonic wave emission and rock lithology is established, and the technical method foundation is established for the study of the infrasonic characteristics of the rock landslides.
(3) research on the detection method and information characteristics of the infrasonic waves produced by the earthquake. The study monitored and recorded the Ms7.0 earthquake and the subsequent multiple aftershocks in Lushan, Ya'an, Sichuan by the digital infrasound detection instrument. The author identified and extracted the signal of the seismic infrasonic events one by one, detailed research The distribution characteristics and differences of the time and frequency domains of the epicentral infrasound and the local infrasound are investigated, and the mechanism of the seismic subacoustic waves is discussed in detail. Based on the mathematical statistical analysis, a mathematical relationship model between the Lushan earthquake magnitude and the infrasound signal is established, and the infrasonic wave is revealed when the seismic energy is transmitted in the air. Produce.
(4) the study of the sonic detection method and information characteristics of the rock avalanche. This study uses the digital infrasonic sounding instrument to monitor the small scale collapse event of the north side of the great Guang Bao landslide in Sichuan county. The physical phenomena were matched, and the comparison and analysis showed that: (1) the collapse disaster can produce specific infrasonic signals; (2) the collapse disaster is mainly due to the interaction between large rocks and the ground, including the impact, friction and other infrasonic signals, and these signals have a certain time frequency distribution characteristics; third, lightning, wind and so on. Natural phenomena can also produce infrasonic signals with great energy. The results of data analysis show that the rock avalanche geological disasters have obvious infrasonic emission phenomena, which can lay a theoretical foundation for the monitoring and early warning of such disasters and provide technical reference.
In this paper, from the indoor to the field, from the microcosmic to the macroscopic, the infrasonic information produced by the rock rupture process has been studied carefully and scientifically. The result of the study proves that the rock rupture can produce the physical phenomena of the infrasonic wave emission with certain laws, and the multiple monitoring and early warning for the dynamic evolution process of the rock disaster in the future. The development of technology has laid a theoretical foundation, provided technical reference and has important scientific research value.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU45

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