住宅小区火灾风险评估及控制对策研究

发布时间：2018-06-18 17:14

本文选题：住宅小区 + 火灾风险　；参考：《中南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：摘要：随着我国城市化水平的快速提高,城市人口激增致使城市建筑高度和密度都大幅增加。作为吸纳住户的“生力军”,居民住宅小区大量涌现,随之而来地就是居民住宅小区火灾比重逐年上升,潜在火灾危险源突出,火灾风险日益加大。加上住宅小区人口众多,一旦发生火灾,相关的消防管理、应急救援不当,后果将不堪设想。因此怎样对住宅小区进行科学、合理的火灾风险评估,为火灾的预防与控制提供有效的依据,对这个问题的探讨是一个有意义的方向。本文在对大量住宅小区进行充分调查与分析的基础上,寻找住宅小区火灾风险源,建立火灾风险评估指标体系。采用科学的方法确定各指标的权重,最终构建起火灾风险评估的数学模型,对住宅小区进行量化评估,得出消防安全评估结论。从而根据住宅小区的特点提出科学、合理、可行的控制对策。本文的研究内容与研究成果如下： (1)阐述相关概念及分析火灾危险性。阐述住宅小区、火灾以及火灾风险评估等相关概念。在对住宅小区火灾发展过程的描述以及对住宅小区火灾危险源的辨识的基础上对住宅小区的火灾危险性进行了全面的分析。 (2)建立住宅小区火灾风险评估指标体系。通过对住宅小区火灾风险评估指标体系的因素分析,构建指标体系的层次结构,最后通过“熵模型”对指标权重加以量化。 (3)构建住宅小区火灾风险评估模型,并进行实例分析。在住宅小区火灾风险评估指标体系的基础上,建立风险评估“灰色关联法”的数学模型。同时,以长沙市碧桂园WNS城高层住宅小区调研和分析所获的数据和资料为基础,结合本文所构建的指标及模型进行实例演算与分析,从而验证本文提出的风险评估方法的可行性与合理性。 (4)通过管理的创新,完善住宅小区火灾风险的控制对策。通过从制度、监督模式、加强中介机构的参与性等不同角度来补充对策的完整性,最终为住宅小区的消防安全管理提供参考和依据。图5幅,表15个,参考文献63篇。
[Abstract]:Absrtact: with the rapid development of urbanization in China, the urban building height and density have increased greatly due to the rapid increase of urban population. As a "fresh army" to absorb the residents, the residential areas emerge in large numbers, followed by the increasing proportion of fire in residential areas, the potential fire hazard is prominent, and the fire risk is increasing day by day. In addition, the residential area population, once the fire, related fire management, emergency rescue improper, the consequences will be unthinkable. So how to carry on the scientific and reasonable fire risk assessment to the residential district, to provide the effective basis for the fire prevention and control, the discussion to this question is a meaningful direction. Based on the investigation and analysis of a large number of residential areas, this paper finds out the fire risk sources and establishes the fire risk assessment index system. The weight of each index is determined by scientific method. Finally, the mathematical model of fire risk assessment is constructed, and the quantitative evaluation of residential district is carried out, and the conclusion of fire safety assessment is obtained. According to the characteristics of residential district, scientific, reasonable and feasible control countermeasures are put forward. The contents and results of this paper are as follows: 1) related concepts and fire hazard analysis. The related concepts of residential district, fire and fire risk assessment are expounded. Based on the description of the fire development process and the identification of the fire hazard sources in the residential area, the fire hazard of the residential district is comprehensively analyzed. (2) the evaluation index system of the fire risk in the residential district is established. Based on the factor analysis of fire risk assessment index system in residential area, the hierarchical structure of the index system is constructed. Finally, the index weight is quantified by "entropy model". A case study was carried out. Based on the index system of fire risk assessment in residential area, a mathematical model of "grey correlation method" for risk assessment is established. At the same time, on the basis of the data and data obtained from the investigation and analysis of the WNS high-rise residential district in Changsha, combining the indexes and models constructed in this paper, the examples are calculated and analyzed. Therefore, the feasibility and rationality of the risk assessment method proposed in this paper are verified. 4) through the innovation of management, the measures to control the fire risk in residential district are improved. Through the system, supervision model, strengthen the participation of intermediary organizations and other different angles to supplement the integrity of the countermeasures, and ultimately provide a reference and basis for the residential district fire safety management. There are 5 figures, 15 tables and 63 references.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU998.1

【参考文献】