西南丘陵区乡村景观规划研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 15:57

本文选题：西南丘陵区 + 乡村景观　；参考：《西南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：党的十八大报告将加强生态文明建设摆在突出位置,提出努力建设“美丽中国”的发展目标,实现中华民族永续发展。乡村景观具有重要的生态涵养功能,“美丽乡村”也是“美丽中国”的重要组成部分。随着我国城镇化进程的快速推进,乡村景观在城镇化的冲击下正发生着深刻的变化。随着我国休闲时代的到来,乡村旅游快速崛起,具有良好景观资源条件的乡村地区将迎来蓬勃的发展期。在此背景下,乡村景观规划对于建设自然与人文交融的“美丽乡村”具有极其重要的作用。本文旨在探索适合西南丘陵区特点的乡村景观规划模式,并选取铜梁县南城街道马滩村作为案例进行实证研究。主要研究结论如下： (1)分析了西南丘陵区乡村景观分类体系。根据相关景观分类的研究理论与方法,按照尺度性、综合性与主导因子、分级分类、定性与定量相结合、突出乡村景观资源特点等原则的要求,结合景观生态学的相关原理,采用功能形态分类的方法将西南丘陵区乡村景观划分为景观区、景观类、景观单元、景观要素的四级分类体系。景观区是指宏观尺度上的西南丘陵区乡村景观区。景观类是根据人类活动对景观的干扰程度,包括自然景观、半自然景观、人工景观等。景观单元是根据景观结构与功能的差异,结合土地利用特点,对景观类的进一步划分。自然景观包括天然林地景观、天然水域景观、天然河流景观、天然草地景观等；半自然景观包括农田景观、园地景观、人工林地景观等；人工景观包括聚落景观、道路景观、农田水利景观等。景观要素是根据构成要素最明显的土地利用特征,对景观单元的进一步划分。如农田景观包括水田景观、旱地景观等。 (2)分析了西南丘陵区乡村景观基本特征。西南丘陵区因其地形地貌复杂多样的特点,以及受传统农耕方式、乡村聚落布局、文化习俗等因素影响,形成了具有强烈地域特色的乡村景观。与平原地区乡村景观相比,西南丘陵区乡村景观具有景观破碎化程度较高；景观类型丰富多样；农村居民点景观较为分散；农田景观面积不大、以梯田为主；容易形成“坡顶林地—坡中园地—坡下农田—坡底水塘”的立体农业景观；景观的文化内涵丰富等特点。 (3)构建了西南丘陵区乡村景观评价模型。本文构建了由1个目标层、5个项目层、9个因素层、35个指标层组成的西南丘陵区乡村景观评价指标体系,其中项目层包括西南丘陵区乡村景观具有的经济、社会、生态、美学、文化等功能,因素层包括经济性、社会性、生态稳定性、景观异质性、自然性、有序性、空间性、多样性、文化性等。通过对评价指标进行标准化处理,并将主观赋权法中的层次分析法和客观赋权法中的熵值法、均方差法结合用于确定评价指标的权重,应用多因素综合评价的多目标线性加权函数法构建了西南丘陵区乡村景观评价模型,并将评价模型应用于马滩村3个分区的乡村景观评价实践。评价结果表明,从因素层分析,分区1在乡村景观的社会性、生态稳定性、景观异质性、自然性、多样性、文化性方面较好,分区2在乡村景观的经济性、空间性方面较好,分区3在乡村景观的有序性方面较好；从项目层分析,分区1在乡村景观的生态功能、美学功能、文化功能方面较好,分区2在经济功能方面较好,3个分区在社会功能方面差异不大。 (4)构建了西南丘陵区乡村景观规划模式。在乡村景观资源调查与综合评价的基础上,针对乡村景观存在的问题,以景观生态学理论为指导,在以发展现代农业与乡村旅游的导向下,分别构建了西南丘陵区乡村农田景观、林地景观、园地景观、道路景观、沟渠景观、水域景观、聚落景观、文化景观的规划模式。乡村农田景观规划应注重农田斑块规划、农田作物搭配等；乡村林地景观规划应注重树种的选择,应以经济林木作物为主；乡村园地景观规划应注重园地选址、树种选择、树种栽植、游憩规划等；乡村道路景观规划应注重道路等级划分、道路选线布局、路面材质选择、生态补偿等；乡村沟渠景观规划应注重选线布局、沟渠材料、生态补偿等；乡村水域景观规划应突出生态性和美学性,注重挖掘休闲价值；乡村聚落景观规划应注重聚落布局、建筑风貌、聚落绿化等；乡村文化景观规划应注重对乡村文化民俗的深入挖掘与保护。最后,将规划模式应用于研究区域的乡村景观规划实践,并将研究区域规划为黑色作物区、精品苗木区、养生度假区、新村示范区、设施农业区、蔬菜生产区、水果采摘区、休闲垂钓区、滨河游憩区等九大功能区,并进行了具体的农业产业与旅游规划,为研究区域乡村景观未来的发展指明了方向。
[Abstract]:The eighteen major reports of the party will strengthen the construction of ecological civilization, put forward the development goal of "beautiful China" and realize the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. The rural landscape has an important ecological conservation function. "Beautiful countryside" is an important part of "beautiful China". With the rapid push of urbanization in China With the advent of China's leisure time and the rapid rise of rural tourism, the rural areas with good landscape resources will have a vigorous development period. In this context, the rural landscape planning is very important to the "beautiful countryside" which combines natural and humanistic. The purpose of this paper is to explore the pattern of rural landscape planning suitable for the characteristics of the southwest hilly area, and to select the village of Nancheng, Tongliang County, as a case study. The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) the classification system of rural landscape in the southwest hilly area is analyzed. According to the theory and method of the related landscape classification, according to the scale, the comprehensive and the leading factors, the classification, the qualitative and quantitative combination, the requirements of the characteristics of the rural landscape resources are highlighted, and the relevant principles of the landscape ecology are combined, and the method of classification of functional forms is adopted. The rural landscape of southwest hilly area is divided into four classification systems of landscape, landscape, landscape and landscape. The landscape area refers to the rural landscape area in the southwest hilly area on the macro scale. The landscape is based on the interference of human activities to the landscape, including natural landscape, semi natural landscape and artificial landscape. The differences in landscape structure and function, combined with the characteristics of land use, further division of landscape. Natural landscapes include natural woodland landscape, natural water landscape, natural river landscape, natural grassland landscape, and so on; semi natural landscape, including farmland landscape, garden landscape, artificial woodland landscape, and so on; artificial landscape including settlement landscape, road landscape View, farmland water landscape, and so on. Landscape elements are further divided into the landscape units according to the most obvious characteristics of the land use, for example, farmland landscape including paddy field landscape, dryland landscape and so on.
(2) the basic characteristics of the rural landscape in the southwest hilly area are analyzed. The southwest hilly area has the characteristics of complex terrain and geomorphology, as well as the influence of traditional farming methods, rural settlement layout, cultural customs and other factors, forming a rural landscape with strong regional characteristics. Compared with the rural landscape in the plain area, the rural landscape in the hilly region of the southwest is of great importance. The landscape fragmentation is high, the landscape type is rich and diverse, the rural residential landscape is more scattered, the farmland landscape is not large, the terraced fields are not large, and the three-dimensional agricultural landscape of the "slope top woodland to the slope garden land slope bottom pond" is easily formed, and the cultural culvert of the landscape is rich and so on.
(3) the rural landscape evaluation model of southwest hilly area is constructed. The evaluation index system of rural landscape in southwest hilly area consists of 1 target layers, 5 project layers, 9 factor layers and 35 index layers, in which the project layer includes the functions of economy, society, ecology, aesthetics and culture in the southwest hilly area. Economic, social, ecological stability, landscape heterogeneity, nature, order, space, diversity, culture and so on. Through the standardization of evaluation indicators, and the entropy value method in the subjective empowerment method and the objective weighting method, the mean variance method is combined to determine the weight of the evaluation index, and the multi factor synthesis is applied. The evaluation model of rural landscape evaluation in the southwest hilly area was constructed by the multi objective linear weighted function method, and the evaluation model was applied to the rural landscape evaluation practice of 3 districts in Ma Tan Village. The evaluation results showed that from the factor layer analysis, the area 1 was sociality, ecological stability, landscape heterogeneity, nature, diversity and culture in the rural landscape. The area 2 is better in the economy and space of the rural landscape, and the division 3 is better in the order of the rural landscape. From the project layer analysis, the partition 1 is better in the ecological function of the rural landscape, the aesthetic function and the cultural function, the partition 2 is better in the economic function, and the 3 areas have little difference in the social function.
(4) the rural landscape planning model of southwest hilly area is constructed. On the basis of rural landscape resources survey and comprehensive evaluation, in view of the problems existing in the rural landscape, guided by the theory of landscape ecology, and under the guidance of the development of modern agriculture and rural tourism, the rural farmland landscape, woodland landscape and garden landscape in the southwest hilly region are constructed respectively. View, road landscape, ditch landscape, water landscape, settlement landscape, and cultural landscape planning mode. Rural farmland landscape planning should pay attention to farmland patch planning, farmland crop collocation, and so on. Rural woodland landscape planning should pay attention to the selection of tree species, should focus on economic forest crops, rural garden landscape planning should pay attention to site selection, tree selection selection. Selection, tree planting, recreation planning, and so on. Rural road landscape planning should pay attention to road grade division, road line selection, pavement material selection, ecological compensation and so on. Rural ditch landscape planning should pay attention to line selection, ditch materials, ecological compensation and so on. The landscape planning of rural waters should highlight ecological and aesthetic, pay attention to the excavation of leisure value. The rural settlement landscape planning should pay attention to the settlement layout, the architectural style and the settlement greening, and so on. The rural cultural landscape planning should pay attention to the deep excavation and protection of the rural cultural folklore. Finally, the planning model should be applied to the rural landscape planning practice in the study area, and the research area is planned as the black crop area, the fine seedling area and the health preservation degree. The false area, the new village demonstration area, the agricultural area of the facilities, the vegetable production area, the fruit picking area, the leisure fishing area, the riverside recreation area and so on, and the specific agricultural industry and tourism planning have been carried out, which pointed out the direction for the study of the future development of the regional rural landscape.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU982.29

【参考文献】