川渝地区农村家庭结构变迁下住区设计研究①

发布时间：2018-06-25 15:14

本文选题：川渝地区 + 农村　；参考：《重庆大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：家庭结构的变迁是社会、经济、文化等多方面因素共同作用下的结果。近年来，随着我国新型城镇化的推进，农村经济、社会和文化建设快速发展，农村家庭结构、规模及关系等发生重大变革，由此而引致的农村家庭留守儿童现象、空巢老人现象等已成为影响我国农村地区社会和谐建设的重要问题。川渝农村作为传统上聚居文化富集、聚居历史悠久、社会经济水平较为落后的地区，地域社会受城镇化冲击更为强烈，家庭结构变迁演化而来的问题也显得越发严峻。以此为导向，采用文献查阅、田野调查、数理统计等方法，凝练家庭结构变迁下农村住区规划和设计的基本科技问题，建立“发现问题→实证研究→策略探索”的整体技术路线，展开研究，形成三个方面的主要研究内容。研究分析了川渝农村家庭结构及住区变迁发展的基本事实，提出两点结论。一方面，家庭结构随社会发展呈现规模小型化、构成简单化、关系平等化等特点，并产生了家庭功能不断社会化的影响与发展趋势。另一方面，川渝农村的住区建设呈现建设用地规模不断扩大、住区形态布局离散化、空间结构均等化和空间功能多样化的特点。研究也初步表明，家庭结构的变迁是住区空间与形态变迁的主要原因之一，，而住区形态在一定程度上也会影响家庭结构的发展。对5个川渝农村典型住区的调研事实也表明，家庭结构变迁与住区空间建设之间的相关性规律，即家庭社会化的功能必然由相应的住区功能进行承接。并且在这一规律的作用下，当前川渝农村家庭结构与住区建设存在三大典型问题：空巢老人养老问题、留守儿童教育问题及家庭安全保护问题。在此基础上，针对川渝农村家庭结构与住区建设的典型问题，提出了农村住区规划设计的优化策略，有3个部分。①建立农村住区养老体系物质形态空间。通过完善农村住区养老服务设施、构建适宜老年人活动的场地环境及设计满足老年人使用需求的单体住宅方面，优化农村住区养老体系物质形态。②建设儿童成长家园。通过完善农村住区儿童教育服务设施、优化补充农村住区儿童活动场地及设计便于儿童社会化的住宅单体三方面，优化农村住区儿童成长家园。③建设住区安全可防卫生活环境。通过完善农村住区治安保护服务设施、构建农村住区安全可防卫空间环境及设计满足安全防卫需求的住宅单体三个方面，优化农村住区安全可防卫生活环境。国家新型城镇化建设战略，为推进以人为核心研究住区规划设计问题提出了更高的要求和新的学术课题。川渝农村家庭结构变迁下的住区规划设计研究，运用城乡规划和设计的基本原理与实践方法，在与家庭结构等社会学研究的相关领域展开探索，形成了一些学术判断，有一定的特殊性，也希望对解决快速发展的川渝农村住区建设中的一些问题有所帮助。
[Abstract]:The change of family structure is the result of social, economic and cultural factors. In recent years, with the advancement of new urbanization in China, the rapid development of rural economy, society and culture, the great changes in rural family structure, scale and relationship have resulted in the phenomenon of left-behind children in rural families. The phenomenon of empty nest elderly has become an important problem affecting the construction of social harmony in rural areas of China. The rural areas of Sichuan and Chongqing, which have a long history and backward social and economic level, are more strongly impacted by urbanization, and the problems arising from the evolution of family structure are becoming more and more serious. Guided by this, the basic scientific and technological problems in the planning and design of rural residential areas under the change of family structure are condensed by the methods of literature review, field investigation, mathematical statistics and so on. This paper sets up the whole technical route of "finding problems and exploring the strategies of empirical research", carries out the research, and forms the main research contents in three aspects. This paper analyzes the basic facts of the changes and development of rural family structure and residential areas in Sichuan and Chongqing, and puts forward two conclusions. On the one hand, the family structure has the characteristics of miniaturization, simplification and equal relationship with the development of the society, and has produced the influence and development trend of the socialization of the family function. On the other hand, the construction of rural settlements in Sichuan and Chongqing shows the characteristics of expanding the scale of construction land, discretization of residential area configuration, equalization of spatial structure and diversification of spatial functions. The study also shows that the change of family structure is one of the main reasons for the change of residential space and form, and the shape of residential area will affect the development of family structure to a certain extent. The investigation of five typical rural settlements in Sichuan and Chongqing also shows that the correlation law between family structure change and residential space construction, that is, the function of family socialization must be carried on by the corresponding residential area function. And under the action of this law, there are three typical problems in the rural family structure and residential construction in Sichuan and Chongqing at present: the old-age problem of empty nest, the education of left-behind children and the protection of family safety. On this basis, aiming at the typical problems of rural family structure and residential building in Sichuan and Chongqing, the optimization strategy of planning and design of rural residential area is put forward. There are three parts .1 to establish the material form space of pension system in rural residential area. Through perfecting the old-age service facilities in rural residential areas, constructing the site environment suitable for the activities of the elderly and designing individual houses to meet the needs of the elderly, the material form .2 of the old-age care system in the rural residential areas is optimized to build the children's growing homes. By perfecting the service facilities for children's education in rural residential areas, optimizing and supplementing the children's activities in rural settlements and designing housing units that are convenient for children's socialization, To optimize children's growing homes in rural areas and build a safe and defensible living environment in residential areas. Through perfecting the security service facilities of rural residential area, constructing the secure and defensible space environment of rural residential area and designing the residential unit to meet the demand of security defense, this paper optimizes the safe and defensible living environment of rural residential area. The new urbanization strategy of our country puts forward higher requirements and new academic topics for the research of residential district planning and design with people as the core. Based on the basic principles and practical methods of urban and rural planning and design, the study of residential district planning and design under the changes of rural family structure in Sichuan and Chongqing has been carried out in the relevant fields of sociological research, such as family structure, and some academic judgments have been formed. It also hopes to solve some problems in the rapid development of Sichuan and Chongqing rural settlements.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU982.29

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