基于生态敏感性评价的朗乡镇镇域景观格局研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 23:57

本文选题：生态敏感性 + 景观格局　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在我国新型城镇化不断推进的宏观背景下,村镇建设面临诸多矛盾与问题,其中最重要的就是新的增长模式需求下的区域环境资源的生态开发利用,与传统模式下既已形成的村镇空间与生态格局之间的矛盾。国家“十二五”规划对村镇建设提出了具体的要求,在充分利用自然资源的同时,协调村镇建设与生态环境的平衡发展。因此,本文以朗乡镇为例,从村镇整体生态空间环境出发,运用生态评价与景观生态学的相关原理与分析方法,试图探索村镇生态环境问题更科学、更准确的判断与应对新方法。本文首先明确了课题的必要性和研究目的,在此基础上研究了国内外相关生态评价、生态敏感性评价、景观生态学、景观格局等理论与方法的研究与实践,明确与本研究相关的知识领域,并对研究结果进行总结与对比,探讨其综合运用的可能性与意义。通过对朗乡镇基础资料(主要是生态环境)的研究与总结,建立了基于GIS的朗乡镇镇域数据库,并通过对生态敏感性与景观格局理论的研究,探讨二者耦合的可行性与方法,提出了敏感性景观格局这一概念的内涵与生态意义。其次,对朗乡镇生态敏感性进行评价,选取对朗乡镇具有代表性和重要性的生态因子作为评价指标,通过专家打分和引入判断因子的方法对指标进行权重赋值,构建了朗乡镇生态敏感性评价体系,将评价结果通过敏感性地图的方式进行表达,与朗乡镇景观斑块分布融合形成生态敏感度景观斑块。最后,将敏感度景观斑块导入Fragstats中进行空间分析与统计,选取五大类景观格局指数进行格局运算,对运算结果进行分析统计并赋予其生态敏感性的意义,将朗乡镇森林基质、交通与水系廊道、农田与村镇斑块以及镇域综合的景观组成与构型特征进行量化表达,并以这些特征为依据,从生态学的角度对朗乡镇生态环境相关问题提出一系列应对与解决的策略。村镇生态的保护与修复是实现我国新型城镇化的必要条件,然而不同村镇的实际情况因其自然环境条件或资源利用方式的不同也各有差异,在进行生态规划与建设的过程中,需要考虑多种因素的综合作用,并利用科学客观的方法,明确村镇生态过程与结果中本质与核心的症结所在。本文尝试通过生态敏感性评价与景观格局分析的结合,寻求适用于特定村镇生态系统的分析与解决问题的系统方法,为我国村镇实现生态平衡与健康发展做出贡献。
[Abstract]:In the macro background of the new urbanization in China, the construction of villages and towns faces many contradictions and problems, the most important of which is the ecological development and utilization of regional environmental resources under the demand of the new growth model. The contradiction between the space and ecological pattern of villages and towns formed under the traditional mode. The 12th Five-Year Plan of the State has put forward specific requirements for the construction of villages and towns, while making full use of natural resources, coordinating the balanced development of the construction of villages and towns with the ecological environment. Therefore, based on the whole ecological space environment of villages and towns, this paper takes Longxiang as an example, applies the relative principles and analysis methods of ecological evaluation and landscape ecology, and tries to explore the ecological environment problems of villages and towns more scientifically. More accurate judgment and response to the new methods. In this paper, firstly, the necessity and purpose of the research are defined. Based on this, the theories and methods of ecological evaluation, ecological sensitivity assessment, landscape ecology, landscape pattern and so on at home and abroad are studied and put into practice. The related knowledge fields are defined, and the research results are summarized and compared, and the possibility and significance of their comprehensive application are discussed. Based on the research and summary of the basic data (mainly the ecological environment) of the villages and towns, the database of the township and town area based on GIS is established, and the feasibility and method of the coupling of the two are discussed through the research on the theory of ecological sensitivity and landscape pattern. The connotation and ecological significance of the concept of sensitive landscape pattern are put forward. Secondly, the ecological sensitivity of Lang Township is evaluated, and the representative and important ecological factors are selected as the evaluation index, and the weights of the indexes are assigned by the method of expert scoring and the introduction of judgment factors. The evaluation system of ecological sensitivity of long villages and towns was constructed. The results were expressed by sensitivity map and fused with the distribution of landscape patches in long villages and towns to form ecological sensitive landscape patches. Finally, the sensitive landscape patches were introduced into Fragstats for spatial analysis and statistics, and five major landscape pattern indices were selected for pattern operation. The results were analyzed and counted and the significance of ecological sensitivity was assigned to the forest matrix. Traffic and water corridors, patches of farmland, villages and towns, as well as the landscape composition and configuration characteristics of towns and villages are expressed quantitatively, and based on these characteristics, From the angle of ecology, this paper puts forward a series of countermeasures to solve the problems related to ecological environment in long villages and towns. The protection and restoration of village and town ecology is a necessary condition to realize the new urbanization in our country. However, the actual situation of different villages and towns is different from each other because of their natural environment conditions or the different ways of using resources, in the process of ecological planning and construction. It is necessary to consider the comprehensive action of various factors and to make clear the crux of the essence and core of the ecological process and result of the village and town by using scientific and objective methods. Through the combination of ecological sensitivity assessment and landscape pattern analysis, this paper attempts to seek a systematic method for the analysis and solution of the ecological system in particular villages and towns, and to contribute to the realization of ecological balance and healthy development of villages and towns in China.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984.1;P901

【参考文献】