基于雨洪管理模式的滨海城市“防灾型”社区规划研究

发布时间：2018-06-26 01:06

本文选题：滨海城市 + 社区　；参考：《天津大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来，大规模城市建设产生了大量以二氧化碳为主的温室气体，进一步加剧了全球气候变暖。该现象对地球原有生态系统平衡产生了负面影响，并开始危及人类的生活生态环境。在这一背景下，我国市域范围内的天气气候极端事件愈来愈多，由此引发的城市安全问题也愈发严峻。天津、上海、深圳等东部沿海大都市在快速城市化进程中出现了外来人口增速过快，市政基础设施与城市建设脱节等诸多问题。原本即受全球气候变化影响较大的滨海城市如今面临着更为复杂的多重致灾因子隐患，，滨海城市的防灾系统建设刻不容缓。本文选择了天津市滨海新区的居住社区作为研究对象。居住社区在我国城市规划体系中的一般性界定是指以居住空间为主，包括商业、教育、绿化、道路等职能或配套设施的综合区域。它是城市最基础的构成部分，亦是灾难发生后受影响最大的区域。研究居住社区的防灾减灾问题旨在弥补我国当下城市综合防灾系统的缺失，“自下而上”的构建可实际推广的城市防灾系统建设框架与内容。本文首先通过国内外的案例研究，文献研究以及相关数据分析，总结了滨海新区居住社区的主要灾害类型及特性。其次，以灾害治理为导向，基于社区灾害内在联系提出了以雨洪管理为核心的滨海防灾型社区规划模式。最后，以社区实地考察与居民问卷调研为依据，以“社会营销”为理论基础，从已建社区与新建社区两个方面构建了防灾型社区规划的实施框架与应用策略。其中，防灾型社区规划应用策略又包含了工程性措施与非工程性措施两个层面：工程性措施以社区雨洪管理设施的规划与改造作为主要内容，同时也包含了对现状社区综合防灾系统的优化工程策略，如应急避难场所优化、灾害隔离系统规划及防救灾通道改造等。非工程性措施则是在原有的防灾政策法规基础上，从社区规划体系、灾害管理模式、公共参与制度及市场推广协作等方面进行了相应的体系优化与政策补充，并最终结合“开源平台”等智慧技术提出了构建社区智慧防灾的“软”基础构想。
[Abstract]:In recent years, large-scale urban construction has produced a large amount of carbon dioxide-based greenhouse gases, further exacerbating global warming. This phenomenon has a negative impact on the balance of the original ecosystem of the earth, and begins to endanger the human life ecological environment. In this context, more and more extreme weather and climate events occur in the city area of our country, and the urban safety problems are becoming more and more serious. In the process of rapid urbanization, Tianjin, Shanghai, Shenzhen and other eastern coastal cities have experienced many problems, such as the rapid growth of the foreign population, the disconnection between municipal infrastructure and urban construction, and so on. Coastal cities, which were affected by global climate change, are now faced with more complex hazards, so it is urgent to build disaster prevention system in coastal cities. This article chooses Tianjin Binhai New area resident community as the research object. The general definition of residential community in the urban planning system of our country refers to the comprehensive area of residential space, including commercial, educational, greening, road and other functions or supporting facilities. It is the most basic part of the city and the most affected area after the disaster. The purpose of this paper is to make up for the deficiency of urban comprehensive disaster prevention system in our country, and to construct the framework and content of urban disaster prevention system which can be popularized from bottom to top. In this paper, the main disaster types and characteristics of residential communities in Binhai New area are summarized by case study, literature study and data analysis at home and abroad. Secondly, taking disaster management as the direction and based on the inherent relationship of community disasters, this paper puts forward the coastal disaster prevention community planning model with rain and flood management as the core. Finally, on the basis of community field investigation and resident questionnaire investigation, based on the theory of "social marketing", this paper constructs the implementation framework and application strategy of disaster prevention community planning from two aspects: the established community and the newly built community. Among them, the application strategy of disaster prevention community planning includes two levels: engineering measures and non-engineering measures: the main content of engineering measures is the planning and reconstruction of rainwater and flood management facilities in communities. At the same time, it also includes the optimization engineering strategy of community comprehensive disaster prevention system, such as emergency shelter optimization, disaster isolation system planning and disaster relief channel reconstruction. On the basis of the original disaster prevention policies and regulations, the non-engineering measures optimize and supplement the corresponding system from the aspects of community planning system, disaster management model, public participation system and market promotion cooperation, etc. Finally, combining with "open source platform" and other wisdom technologies, this paper puts forward the idea of "soft" foundation for building community intelligence and disaster prevention.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984.12;TV213.9

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