北京地区雨水花园设计研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 00:55

本文选题：雨水利用 + 雨水花园　；参考：《北京建筑大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着城市化进程的加快和人口的快速增长,对城市水系、湿地等自然环境的破坏严重，加之城市规划设计的不合理和市政排水设施的不健全,在降雨时出现不同程度的雨洪灾害。北京市属严重缺水城市，降雨量少且季节分布很不均匀，城市硬化面积不断扩大，致使宝贵的雨水大量流失，旱涝问题十分突出。据了解，每年北京降水量80％以上集中在夏季汛期，对这些雨水资的利用，可以有效缓解北京地区的水资源短缺问题。雨水花园是处理城市雨洪灾害且与景观设计相结合的一种有效的雨水措施。它能暂时滞留雨水、有效削减暴雨径流、减轻城市雨洪灾害。它是生态滞留的一种，是城市雨洪处理的源头设施,是以景观洼地为主要表现的绿地景观。论文首先界定了雨水花园的概念，总结、归纳了可持续景观理论、景观生态设计理论、绿色基础设施理论、最佳管理措施、低影响开发、水敏感城市设计、可持续排水系统等相应的理论基础。通过大量文献的阅读确定雨水花园的结构和类型。主要有以控制径流量和控制径流污染为目的的两种雨水花园类型。分析研究了国内外的雨水花园的成功案例，提出建造雨水花园的重要意义。在此基础上，针对北京地区的降雨特点、土壤类型、雨水径流水质、现状植被资源和相关的政策、法律、规范和雨水利用现状工程进行了详细分析和总结。结合国内外的雨水花园成功案例和利用策略，归纳总结北京地区的雨水花园的设计原则、设计方法和建造维护的具体方法。同时对建筑周边、道路和公园中的雨水花园的设计方法依次进行归纳，并总结出雨水花园与周边地形、植物、铺装、景观小品和空间边界的结合方法。最后以东营孙家湿地公园为基地进行雨水花园概念设计，，在设计过程中验证总结北京地区雨水花园的设计方法具有可行性，通过雨水花园在城市空间中的应用，来缓解雨水径流量和径流速度，减轻洪涝灾害，为北京地区在雨洪利用方面提供新的思路与方法。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization and the rapid growth of population, the damage to the natural environment, such as urban water system and wetland, is serious, coupled with the unreasonable urban planning and design and the unsound municipal drainage facilities. Different degrees of rain and flood disasters occur during rainfall. Beijing is a city with severe water shortage, low rainfall and uneven seasonal distribution. The area of urban hardening is expanding, which results in the loss of valuable Rain Water, and the problem of drought and flood is very prominent. It is understood that more than 80% of the precipitation in Beijing is concentrated in the summer flood season each year. The utilization of these Rain Water funds can effectively alleviate the water shortage problem in Beijing. Rain Water Garden is an effective Rain Water measure to deal with urban rain and flood disaster and combine with landscape design. It can temporarily stay Rain Water, effectively reduce rainstorm runoff, reduce urban rain flood disaster. It is a kind of ecological retention, is the source of urban rain and flood treatment facilities, is the landscape depression as the main performance of the green landscape. Firstly, the paper defines the concept of Rain Water Garden, summarizes the sustainable landscape theory, landscape ecological design theory, green infrastructure theory, the best management measures, low impact development, water sensitive city design. The theoretical basis of sustainable drainage system and so on. The structure and type of Rain Water garden are determined by reading a lot of literature. There are two types of Rain Water gardens for controlling runoff and controlling runoff pollution. The successful cases of Rain Water garden at home and abroad are analyzed, and the significance of building Rain Water garden is put forward. On this basis, the characteristics of rainfall, soil types, Rain Water runoff water quality, vegetation resources and related policies, laws, norms and Rain Water utilization in Beijing are analyzed and summarized in detail. Based on the successful cases and utilization strategies of Rain Water Garden at home and abroad, the design principles, design methods and construction and maintenance methods of Rain Water Garden in Beijing are summarized. At the same time, the design methods of Rain Water garden in building periphery, road and park are summarized in turn, and the method of combining Rain Water garden with surrounding terrain, plant, pavement, landscape sketch and space boundary is summarized. Finally, the concept design of Rain Water garden is carried out on the base of Dongying Sunjia Wetland Park. In the process of design, the feasibility of summarizing the design method of Rain Water Garden in Beijing is verified, and the application of Rain Water Garden in urban space is adopted. It can alleviate Rain Water runoff and runoff speed, reduce flood disaster, and provide new ideas and methods for rainwater utilization in Beijing area.
【学位授予单位】：北京建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TV213.9;TU992

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