不同滤料去除饮用水中三氮物质的中试研究

发布时间：2018-07-02 19:47

本文选题：滤料 + 过滤性能　；参考：《重庆大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着人口的增长以及经济和工业化的迅速发展,生活和工业废水逐年增加,加重了对地表水和地下水等水体的污染。其中,氮化合物的污染治理已经成为研究的热点问题。面对普遍污染的地表水源和日益严格的饮用水水质要求,自来水厂常规给水处理工艺迎来了前所未有的挑战与压力。滤料作为水厂滤池的核心构成,对饮用水出水水质改善起着关键作用。不同滤料有着不同特点,掌握滤料过滤特性,考虑特定水质条件、滤料应用经济性与管理便利性,选择使用适合水厂条件的滤料,有助于提升滤池水处理效果,适用于水厂滤池的升级改造,具有广泛的应用潜力。本文以无烟煤、沸石、瓷砂滤料为基础,组成单层均质滤柱、混合滤柱和分层滤柱,在正常滤速10m/h运行条件下,进行对比中试试验,比较不同滤柱的过滤性能,探索不同滤柱沿层过滤性能的变化。筛选四根滤柱进行低滤速(5m/h)过滤的中试试验,研究滤速对过滤性能的影响。采用X射线能谱分析(EDS)、傅里叶转换红外光谱测定(FT-IR)和热场发射扫描电镜(SEM)等方法表征滤料结构,以了解不同滤料的物理化学特性。试验研究表明:(1)无烟煤滤料和沸石滤料的外观形貌相似,呈极不规则且局部有棱角的块状体,表面粗糙,凹凸不平,孔隙较发达;瓷砂滤料为外观形貌较规则均匀的球体,表面较光滑没有棱角,孔隙较不发达。沸石与瓷砂的化学组成相似,O元素最多,但瓷砂中SiO2和Al2O3的含量均高于沸石,机械强度也高于沸石;无烟煤则主要以有机官能团为主,C元素含量居首。(2)瓷砂滤料机械强度高,抗水流冲刷能力强,层间空隙率大,初始水损小,过滤周期长,对浊度去除效果最好。与其他滤料组合后,有助于延长过滤周期。如分层滤料过滤周期最长,10m/h滤速时,过滤周期为50.5h,降低滤速为5m/h后,过滤周期增长到76h。(3)滤料在正常滤速下对氨氮去除效果最好,对亚硝态氮及硝态氮去除效果弱,降低滤速后三氮去除效果均有所提高。滤速降低后,水流与滤层的接触时间增长,水流冲刷力减小,有助于滤层充分发挥吸附作用。(4)滤柱中UV254主要靠吸附去除,正常滤速下,只有混合滤柱和分层滤柱对其表现出去除效果。UV254去除效果受过滤速度和进水UV254影响,去除率随滤速的降低和进水UV254的增加而升高。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the growth of population and the rapid development of economy and industrialization, the domestic and industrial wastewater increased year by year, which aggravated the pollution of surface water and groundwater. Among them, the pollution control of nitrogen compounds has become a hot issue. In the face of the widespread pollution of surface water sources and the increasingly stringent requirements of drinking water quality, the conventional water supply treatment process of water supply plants is facing unprecedented challenges and pressures. As the core of water plant filter, filter media plays a key role in the improvement of drinking water quality. Different filter media have different characteristics. It is helpful to improve the filter water treatment effect by mastering the filtration characteristics of filter media, considering the specific water quality conditions, using the filter media suitable for the conditions of water plant, considering the economic and management convenience of the application of the filter media. It is suitable for water plant filter upgrading and has wide application potential. On the basis of anthracite, zeolite and porcelain sand filter material, single layer homogeneous filter column, mixed filter column and stratified filter column were formed. Under normal filtration rate 10m/h operation conditions, the filtration performance of different filter columns was compared. To explore the change of filtration performance of different filter column along the layer. The effect of filtration rate on filtration performance was studied by pilot-scale experiment of low filtration rate (5m/h) filtration with four filter columns. The structure of filter media was characterized by means of X-ray energy dispersive analysis (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermal field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results show that: (1) the morphology of anthracite filter material and zeolite filter material is similar, and it is a very irregular and local block with rough surface, uneven surface, well developed pores, and porcelain sand filter material is a regular and uniform ball. The surface is smooth and has no angulation, and the pores are less developed. The content of Sio _ 2 and Al _ 2O _ 3 in porcelain sand is higher than that of zeolite, and the mechanical strength is higher than that of zeolite, while the content of C element in anthracite is mainly organic functional group. (2) the mechanical strength of ceramic sand filter material is high. The water flow erosion resistance is strong, the interlayer void ratio is large, the initial water loss is small, the filtration period is long, and the turbidity removal efficiency is the best. When combined with other filter media, it helps to prolong the filtration period. For example, when the filtration period of stratified media is 10 m / h, the filtration period is 50.5 h, and the filtration period increases to 76 h when the filtration rate is reduced to 5m/h. (3) the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen is the best at normal filtration rate, but the removal effect of nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen is weak. After reducing the filtration rate, the removal efficiency of trinitrogen was improved. The contact time between the flow and the filter layer increases after the filtration rate decreases, and the flow scour force decreases. (4) the UV254 in the filter column is mainly removed by adsorption, and at the normal filtration rate, UV254 in the filter column is mainly removed by adsorption. Only the mixed filter column and the stratified filter column showed the removal effect. The removal rate of UV254 was affected by the filtration rate and the influent UV254, and the removal rate increased with the decrease of the filtration rate and the increase of the influent UV254.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TU991.2

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