城镇化进程中黄土沟壑区基层村绿色消解模式与对策研究

发布时间：2018-07-14 19:08

【摘要】：城镇化与农业现代化是中国国家重大发展战略。联合国对此最新研究报告预计，到2030年，中国城镇化率将提高到65%～70%，这意味着今后20年间，将有3亿农村人口逐步量变流转为城镇人口，相当于7500多万个农村宅院将在近二十年内逐步消解，如何应对乡村人居环境这一巨大转变，无疑会成为国家亟待解决的重大难题。在我国城乡人居环境“城—镇—村”结构体系中，城市以其绝对强势的吸引力使得人口不断增长；镇因其城乡双重特性，人口既有被城市吸引走的一面，也存在着吸引乡村人口的另一面，整体表现出动态不稳定性；而乡村则因其绝对弱势的地位始终处于人口持续衰减的发展态势之中。本论文研究面向黄土沟壑区基层村人居环境，基于该地区生态脆弱、贫穷落后、城镇化水平低下、村落布局分散的现实，适应其村庄减少、人口衰减、民居消解、农业现代、生态主导等城镇化影响下的发展态势，针对基层村发展中所出现的规划无效、建设无序、资源低效等问题，归结其发展特征与消解规律，从“生产-生活-生态”一体化新融和的角度，剖析其消解的动因，提出基层村绿色消解的基本方向和途径，并实证性地探讨了黄土沟壑区基层村消解的三种类型。论文研究主要包括三部分：首先，论文从黄土沟壑区基层村的末端角色、条件约束、劳动力剩余和农业经济低效等方面，总体把握其发展的现实状况、特征、规律与问题。明确指出黄土沟壑区基层村的整体消解和内部消解，是剩余劳动力催生农业人口密度持续减少，以及由此衍生的自然生态系统、农业生产系统、建筑生活系统关系失衡等诸多因素复合作用的结果，返回来它又对基层村人居环境产生主导影响。基层村的消解与发展，在时间、空间、规模、经济、政策五个方面呈现出共生互动的基本关系。基层村发展类型主要包括现代农业发展型、生态发展型和旅游发展型，因此不同发展类型的基层村，其消解方式不同；不同阶段同一发展类型的基层村，其消解方式会转化。论文在这部分研究，创新性提出基层村“消解”、“消解期”的概念，以及“消解”的可量化分析因素。其次，论文从理论层面，深入剖析了黄土沟壑区基层村消解的动因，总结了三种发展类型基层村的人口流变规律，提出基层村面向“人口减量化”发展的积极消解的方法论思想，在“绿色”基础理论基础上，提出了基层村绿色消解模式的基本思路，尝试性触及消解期基层村规划原理与方法的适宜性变革。其中，最核心的要点为：其一，基于消解期基层村传统农耕“生产-生活-生态”一体化解体，提出建立在“3R”原则下的、三个系统达到新的融和的基层村“绿色消解”概念；提出黄土沟壑区基层村建筑生活系统的绿色消解模式，并在此基础上，提出相应的规划对策。最后，，论文以黄土沟壑区三个典型研究对象为例，分别代表基层村退耕还草式绿色消解、“生产-生活-生态”一体化绿色消解、风土空间再利用绿色消解的模式，以此进行实现绿色消解思想、绿色消解模式及规划对策的实证研究，试图探寻基层村多样化积极消解的适宜之路。
[Abstract]:Urbanization and agricultural modernization are China ' s major development strategies . The latest research report predicts that by 2030 , China ' s urbanization rate will increase to 65 - 70 % , which means that in the next 20 years , more than 300 million rural residents will gradually move to urban population , which means that more than 75 million rural houses will gradually dissolve in the next two decades , and how to deal with the huge transformation of rural human settlement environment will undoubtedly become a major challenge for the country to solve urgently .

In the structure system of the urban - rural human settlement environment " city - town - village " , the attraction of the city with its absolute strength makes the population grow continuously ;
In the town because of the dual characteristics of the urban and rural areas , the population is both attracted by the city and the other side of the rural population is attracted , and the whole shows dynamic instability ;
In rural areas , the status of the absolute weakness of the country is always in the development trend of the sustained decline of the population .

This paper studies the human settlement environment of grass - roots village in the loess - gully region , which is based on the fact that the region is fragile , poor and backward , the urbanization level is low , the village layout is scattered , and the problems such as the reduction of villages , the decline of population , the digestion of the population , the modern agriculture and the ecological dominance are adapted to the development trend of the village , the construction disorder and the low efficiency of the resources are solved , the basic direction and the way of the green digestion of the grass - roots village are analyzed , and the three types of the digestion of the grass - roots village in the loess gully region are discussed .

The thesis mainly includes three parts :

First of all , the paper discusses the reality , characteristics , rules and problems of the development of the grass - roots village in the loess gully region . It points out that the overall digestion and the internal resolution of the grass - roots village in the loess gully region are the basic relations of symbiotic interaction in the five aspects of time , space , scale , economy and policy .
In this part , the author puts forward the concept of " digestion " and " digestion period " in grass - roots village , as well as the quantitative analysis factors of " digestion " .

Secondly , on the basis of " green " basic theory , the paper puts forward the basic idea of the grass - roots village green digestion pattern , puts forward the basic idea of the grass - roots village green digestion pattern , and puts forward the basic idea of the grass - roots village green digestion pattern , and puts forward the basic idea of the grass - roots village green digestion pattern .
This paper puts forward the green digestion model of the construction life system of the grass - roots village in the loess gully region , and puts forward the corresponding planning countermeasures .

Finally , the paper takes three typical research objects in the loess gully region as an example , which represents the green digestion of grass - roots village , green digestion of " production - life - ecology " , green digestion of wind - soil space , and the demonstration research of green digestion mode and planning countermeasure , and tries to find the suitable way for the diversification of grass - roots village .
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F299.21;TU982.29

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