硬质聚氨酯及其聚苯乙烯复合保温材料的性能研究

发布时间：2018-07-14 19:56

【摘要】：硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料以其轻质、较高的压缩强度、优良的隔热保温性能，施工成型方便，而广泛应用于国防、交通、建筑等部门。尤其是其极低的热导率使它的绝热性能远远优于其他同类材料，因此目前主要用于保温行业。但硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料由于对工人技术要求较高且综合造价投入较大，目前使用率仅占我国外墙保温市场的10%。为解决硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料在我国外墙保温市场使用率低的问题，本文提出在制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的过程中加入聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒，合成硬质聚氨酯/聚苯乙烯复合泡沫塑料，在保证各项性能指标的前提下，以此来降低成本，节约能源，迎合我国保温材料市场的需求。通过单因素试验分析探讨了交联剂（TMP）、发泡剂（H2O）、扩链剂（BDO）、泡沫稳定剂（B8433）及多异氰酸酯指数等因素对硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料力学强度，韧性及导热系数等性能的影响，研究发现选择多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯（PM 100）指数为1.05、聚酯多元醇（Raynol Ps 4002）100份、交联剂（TMP）1.2份、发泡剂（H2O）0.5份、扩链剂(BDO)1.2份、泡沫稳定剂（B8433）1.5份时，硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料力学强度最为理想。还通过改变多元醇种类，发现聚酯多元醇（PS 3152）和聚醚多元醇（TMN-450）制备出的硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的力学强度、韧性、导热系数等性能相对最佳。在制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的基础上，通过一步法制备了硬质聚氨酯/聚苯乙烯复合泡沫塑料，并考察了聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒与复合泡沫塑料的压缩强度、导热系数的关系。研究发现，，随着聚苯乙烯泡沫颗粒用量的增多，相比纯硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料，复合泡沫塑料的压缩强度会提高，导热系数会降低。
[Abstract]:Rigid polyurethane foam is widely used in national defense, transportation, construction and other departments because of its light weight, high compression strength, excellent thermal insulation, convenient construction. Especially its very low thermal conductivity makes its thermal insulation performance far superior to other similar materials, so it is mainly used in insulation industry. However, rigid polyurethane foam has a high technical requirement for workers and a large cost investment, so the utilization rate of rigid polyurethane foam is only 10% of the external wall insulation market in our country at present. In order to solve the problem of low utilization rate of rigid polyurethane foam in the external wall insulation market of our country, this paper proposes to add polystyrene foam particles in the process of preparing rigid polyurethane foam. The rigid polyurethane / polystyrene composite foams were synthesized in order to reduce the cost, save energy and meet the needs of our country's heat preservation material market on the premise of guaranteeing various performance indexes. The effects of crosslinking agent (TMP), foaming agent (H2O), chain extender (BDO), foam stabilizer (B8433) and polyisocyanate index on mechanical strength, toughness and thermal conductivity of rigid polyurethane foam were investigated by single factor test. It was found that when the index of polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate (PM) was 1.05 phr, the polyester-polyol (Raynol PS) 4002 phr, crosslinking agent (TMP) 1.2 phr, foaming agent (H2O) 0.5 phr, chain extender (BDO) 1.2 phr, foam stabilizer (B8433) 1.5 phr. The mechanical strength of rigid polyurethane foam is the most ideal. By changing the types of polyols, it was found that the mechanical strength, toughness and thermal conductivity of rigid polyurethane foam prepared from polyester polyol (PS 3152) and polyether polyol (TMN-450) were relatively best. Based on the preparation of rigid polyurethane foam plastics, rigid polyurethane / polystyrene composite foams were prepared by one-step method, and the relationship between the compression strength and thermal conductivity of polystyrene foam particles and composite foam plastics was investigated. It is found that with the increase of the amount of polystyrene foam particles, the compression strength and thermal conductivity of composite foam plastics will increase compared with those of pure rigid polyurethane foam plastics.
【学位授予单位】：武汉科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU551

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