超级电容协同控制电梯节能方法研究

发布时间：2018-07-14 20:52

【摘要】：随着国内电梯行业快速发展和在用电梯数量逐年增多,电梯能耗所占总耗电量的比例也在逐年升高。但电梯作为一种频繁启停的位能性负载,工作于重载下行和轻载上行以及制动状态下都会回馈能量,因此在运行过程中有很大的节能空间。目前研究的电梯节能方式有两种,一种为电梯回馈能量回馈电网型,即电梯曳引机将能量回馈到变频器直流母线侧,然后通过逆变器将回馈到电梯变频器直流母线的电能逆变为和电网同频率同相位的电能回馈至电网。另一种为超级电容储能型,即电梯变频器直流母线通过一个双向DC/DC变换器和超级电容相连接,根据电梯的运行状态控制双向DC/DC变换器的工作状态,从而确定超级电容充电或者放电。第二种节能装置能有效吸收与利用回馈能量,还能减少电梯启动对电网造成的冲击,因无需向电网侧回馈能量,可避免能量回馈至电网造成的电能质量问题,另外,超级电容节能装置还可作为UPS使用,在电网断电的情况下为电梯完成就近平层与应急照明功能提供能量。分析了两种双向DC/DC变换器各自的优缺点,根据变换器调压范围宽、降低超级电容成本的要求,选定了隔离型双向DC/DC变换器作为本文使用的双向DC/DC变换器。在此基础上,分别分析了隔离型双向DC/DC变换器工作在升压和降压两种工作模式下,PWM软开关的实现方法。根据其拓扑结构,采用小信号分析法,建立了小信号分析模型,然后给出了超级电容充放电电流内环、变频器直流母线电压外环双闭环PI控制方法,在Matlab/Simulink中建立了基于超级电容的电梯节能仿真模型,分别对电梯回馈能量和消耗能量两种工作状态进行仿真验证,仿真结果表明了节能方法的可行性和有效性。最后文章给出了双向DC/DC变换器的参数设计以及超级电容选型方法,并选择了电梯能耗的测定方法,采用参考行程法对电梯的能耗和电梯节能对比分析。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of domestic elevator industry and the increase of the number of active elevators, the proportion of elevator energy consumption in the total power consumption is also increasing year by year. However, as a kind of potential energy load which frequently starts and stops, the elevator works in heavy load, light load, uplink and braking state, so it has a lot of energy saving space in the process of operation. At present, there are two kinds of energy saving methods studied, one is feedback energy to the power grid, that is, the elevator traction machine will feed back the energy to the DC bus side of the converter. Then the inverter feedback the DC bus of the elevator inverter to the power grid with the same frequency and the same phase as the power grid. The other type is super capacitor energy storage type, that is, the DC bus of elevator inverter is connected with super capacitor through a two way DC / DC converter, and the working state of two way DC / DC converter is controlled according to the running state of elevator. To determine the super capacitor charge or discharge. The second kind of energy saving device can absorb and utilize feedback energy effectively, and can reduce the impact of elevator startup on the power network, because it can avoid the power quality problem caused by energy feedback to the power grid without feedback to the power grid side. The super capacitor energy saving device can also be used as UPS to provide energy for the elevator to complete the function of near level and emergency lighting when the power grid is cut off. The advantages and disadvantages of the two bidirectional DC / DC converters are analyzed. According to the requirements of wide voltage range and low cost of super capacitors, isolated bidirectional DC / DC converters are selected as the bidirectional DC / DC converters used in this paper. On this basis, the realization methods of PWM soft switching in two modes of boost and step-down of isolated bi-directional DC / DC converters are analyzed respectively. According to its topology, the small-signal analysis model is established by using small-signal analysis method, and then the double closed loop Pi control method of supercapacitor charging and discharging current inner loop and inverter DC bus voltage outer loop is given. The simulation model of elevator energy saving based on super capacitor is established in Matlab / Simulink. The simulation results show that the energy saving method is feasible and effective. At last, the parameter design and super capacitor selection method of bi-directional DC / DC converter are given, and the measurement method of elevator energy consumption is selected, and the energy consumption of elevator and elevator energy saving are compared and analyzed by reference stroke method.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU857;TM53

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