BIM技术在建筑设计中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-07-20 21:37

【摘要】：随着工程建设项目的规模、形态和功能越来越复杂，建筑系统设计也变得越来越复杂，传统的建筑系统设计模式已经不能满足目前建筑整体设计的要求。建筑是一个由多专业参与的复杂的系统工程，一般来说，一个工程项目的设计工作由建筑、结构、电气、给水排水和暖通空调五个专业共同完成。各个专业在信息传递过程中会产生一定的误差，导致设计结果在后期实施过程中会产生许多问题，影响设计成果的最终实现。另外，复杂的建筑系统内部各配套管道数量和种类越来越多。各专业管线布置在有限的建筑空间内，加上设计人员可能存在的失误，管线系统与建筑、结构等构件之间难免会产生交叉碰撞。常规的二维设计在解决专业间协同设计过程中信息传递问题以及系统内部的交叉碰撞问题时显得捉襟见肘。利用三维仿真软件为各专业搭建协同设计的技术平台，完成建筑系统的BIM模型的构建，为解决上述问题提供了新的途径。本文从基于BIM技术的多专业协同设计和解决系统内交叉、碰撞问题出发，利用Autodesk Revit系列软件，通过专业间协同设计构建BIM模型，并对模型内交叉、碰撞问题加以检查、修改。本文将通过基于BIM技术的专业间协同设计构建BIM模型作为主要研究方向。文中分析比较了传统二维设计与基于BIM技术的专业间协同设计的特点，比选出合适的三维仿真软件进行专业间的协同设计。同时针对设计人员通过常规的二维平面设计不易发现给排水管线系统与建筑、结构之间的碰撞、交叉问题的现状，利用Revit仿真软件结合Navisworks软件对项目BIM模型中存在的碰撞、交叉问题提出了全新的解决途径。本文的主要研究内容有：（1）对Bentley系列软件、ArchiCAD、三维CAD以及Autodesk Revit系列软件进行分析、比选，确定出最适合本文研究主旨的三维仿真软件。对目前应用较为广泛的四款三维仿真软件的发展历程、特点及在建模工作中的适用性等内容进行对比分析。以能够完成专业间协同设计和解决管线系统的碰撞和交叉问题为比选依据，从四款软件中优选出了最合适的三维仿真软件来完成BIM模型的构建工作。（2）以某综合楼建筑实例为研究对象，运用Autodesk Revit系列软件建立BIM模型。首先确定基于Autodesk Revit软件进行协同设计的协同工作模式，完成相应的工作集的创建等一系列准备工作。然后利用Autodesk Revit Architecture软件将建筑主体和结构墙、柱和梁等主要结构构件的二维设计参数转化为BIM模型的三维设计参数，从而构建出建筑主体的BIM模型，，为给排水专业的管线模型的构建提供建筑载体，并为管线工程的管道内容与建筑主体之间的空间关系定位提供参考依据。（3）通过Autodesk Revit MEP软件对给排水管线系统进行BIM模型的构建。通过专业间的协同设计平台将建筑主体BIM模型链接到Revit MEP软件中，以此为建筑载体，完成给排水专业管线系统的BIM模型建立。利用Revit软件的碰撞检查功能，结合Navisworks软件对BIM模型内管线与结构和建筑之间进行碰撞检查和布置方式的优化。同时利用软件的参数化驱动功能生成材料用料统计明细，通过模拟施工的方式指导实际施工和维护管理过程。
[Abstract]:As the scale , shape and function of project construction project are more and more complex , the design of building system becomes more and more complex , and the traditional construction system design pattern can not meet the requirement of current building design .

The construction of BIM model of building system is completed by using 3D simulation software as the technical platform for building cooperative design for each discipline . In order to solve the above problems , a new approach is provided for solving the above problems . In this paper , based on BIM technology , a BIM model is constructed by using Autodesk Revit series software , and the cross and collision problems in the model are checked and modified .

Based on BIM technology , the BIM model is constructed as the main research direction . This paper compares the characteristics of traditional two - dimensional design with the specialty of BIM technology . It is more difficult to find a new way to solve the problem of collision and cross between the water supply and drainage pipeline system and the building and structure through the conventional two - dimensional graphic design .

( 1 ) Based on the analysis and comparison of Bentley series software , ArchiCAD , 3D CAD and Autodesk Revit series software , this paper makes a comparative analysis of the development course , characteristics and applicability of the four - dimensional simulation software which is widely used in this paper .

( 2 ) Based on the building example of a complex building as the research object , a BIM model is established by using Autodesk Revit software . Firstly , the two - dimensional design parameters of the main structural members , such as the building main body and the structural wall , columns and beams , are converted into three - dimensional design parameters of the BIM model by Autodesk Revit Architecture software . The BIM model of the building main body is constructed , and the building carrier is provided for the construction of the pipeline model of the water supply and drainage specialty , and the reference basis is provided for the space relation positioning between the pipeline content of the pipeline engineering and the building body .

( 3 ) The BIM model of the water supply and drainage pipeline system is constructed through the Autodesk Revit MEP software . The BIM model of the building main body is linked to the Revit MEP software through the professional collaborative design platform . The BIM model of the water supply and drainage professional pipeline system is established by using the collision checking function of the Revit software . Meanwhile , by utilizing the parameterized driving function of the software , the material consumption statistics details are generated , and the actual construction and maintenance management process is guided by simulation construction .
【学位授予单位】：青岛理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU201;TU17

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