城市空间形态指标对于街区通风研究的适用性分析

发布时间：2018-07-25 12:26

【摘要】：现有资料表明，进行街区空间形态与其内风环境状况的研究是有重大意义的。然而，在进行街区空间形态与风环境状研究之前，一个重要的环节就是选取一组能够较为全面、准确的描述街区形态的，同时与风环境状况相关性较强的城市空间形态指标体系，作为进一步研究这两者之间关系的一个重要切入点。现阶段国内外的研究中，城市空间形态虽然作为一个重要课题进行过系统的研究，但是大多数集中在定性描述的方法上，而且目前已有的定量化指标（比如均匀度、形态度、离散度、紧凑度等）大多用来描述城市用地的增长及形态扩张等的方式。而在街区尺度下风环境状况的研究过程中，这些指标的适用性有待推敲。此外，在已有的关于街区风环境状况的研究中，常用的指标仅仅局限在街区高宽比、街区密度、排列方式、迎风面密度等等较为简单的量化描述方式下，不能较为完整的表征不同的街区形态变化与通风状况变化之间的关系。并且《城市居住区热环境设计标准》也在寻求用一些量化指标控制居住区内的风环境。为此，本篇论文的目的意在探索适用于街区尺度风环境状况研究的城市空间形态指标体系，为街区的规划提供一些依据，同时，也为相关规范的编写提供一定的基础资料与理论支持。本文首先通过大量的文献阅读，筛选出一批具有研究意义的城市空间形态指标。而后，根据《城市居住区规划设计规范》的要求及实际工程的经验，设定常见点式街区与板式街区的一个基准案例模型，再对这两种基准案例进行空间形态的演变，，形成不同的工况，再通过CFD方法，获得该街区的风环境状况。最后，通过统计学方法进行相关性分析，得到适应于两种街区形态的空间形态指标。
[Abstract]:The available data show that it is of great significance to study the spatial form of block and its inner wind environment. However, before the study of the spatial shape and wind environment of the block, an important link is to select a group that can describe the shape of the block more comprehensively and accurately. At the same time, the index system of urban spatial form, which is closely related to the wind environment, is an important entry point to further study the relationship between the two. In the current research at home and abroad, although the urban spatial form has been studied systematically as an important subject, most of it is focused on the qualitative description method, and the existing quantitative indicators (such as uniformity, shape attitude, etc.) Dispersion, compactness, etc.) are mostly used to describe the growth and morphological expansion of urban land. However, the applicability of these indexes needs to be studied in the study of wind environment at block scale. In addition, in the existing research on the district wind environment, the commonly used indicators are limited in the street aspect ratio, block density, arrangement mode, upwind density and other simple quantitative description methods. It can not completely describe the relationship between the change of different block shape and ventilation condition. Moreover, the Design Standard of Thermal Environment in Urban Residential area is also seeking to control the wind environment in residential area with some quantitative indexes. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the index system of urban spatial form, which is suitable for the study of the wind environment in block scale, and to provide some basis for the planning of the block, at the same time, It also provides some basic information and theoretical support for the compilation of relevant norms. First of all, through reading a lot of literature, this paper screened out a number of research significance of urban spatial morphological indicators. Then, according to the requirements of Urban Residential District Planning and Design Code and practical engineering experience, a benchmark case model of common point-type block and plate-type block is set up, and then the spatial form of these two benchmark cases is evolved. The wind environment of the block was obtained by CFD method. Finally, through the correlation analysis of statistical method, the spatial morphological index suitable for two block morphology is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU984;TU119.4

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