东北地区近代银行建筑设计研究

发布时间：2018-07-30 06:42

【摘要】：中国社会自古就以自给自足的自然经济体制为主,东北因其独特的地理环境和清末的特殊统治政策的影响,一直处于发展缓慢、社会落后的状况之中。1840年鸦片战争后,中国进入半殖民地半封建社会。1858年第二次鸦片战争爆发,沙俄势力进入东北,东北正式进入近代殖民时期,但原始经济体制并未发生改变。直到1861年营口开埠,自然经济体制向商品经济转化,带动了全东北商品贸易的发展。东北有其特殊的殖民地性质,在短时期内先后经历了俄占—俄日对立—日占三个殖民阶段,成为多势力争斗的特殊地区。中、俄、日三方文化从相互碰撞到相互包容,造就了近代东北具有特殊的历史时段和独特的社会环境。复杂多元的文化催生了大量具有殖民色彩并带有中西方特质的建筑。而银行作为最特殊的公共建筑之一,凭借雄厚的财力和政府的支撑,往往集当时最前卫的设计理念和最先进的建筑技术于一身,足以代表这一特殊时期内的最高建筑发展水平。因此,为了深入了解这段特定区域、特殊历史背景下的建筑发展史,特选取东北近代银行建筑作为研究对象,通过对文献史料的收集与阅读整理,同时进行大量的实地调研,最终以文字、图表、自绘模型等方式将独到的研究成果呈现出来。本研究通过对东北近代时期银行建筑的设立背景、分布特征和建筑要素等方面进行分类研究,整理出不同时间、不同地区的在华银行在发展概况、区位分布和建筑特征等要素上的共同性和差异性,并总结出影响它们的主要因素。同时从城市发展的角度重新定位这些具有重要意义的历史遗存建筑。另外,该论文作为历史史料的一次重要补足,将为以后该方面的学术研究提供更全面的资料来源。
[Abstract]:Since ancient times, China's society has been dominated by a self-sufficient natural economic system. Because of its unique geographical environment and the influence of the special ruling policies of the late Qing Dynasty, the Northeast has been in a state of slow development and social backwardness. After the Opium War in 1840, China entered a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. In 1858, the second Opium War broke out, the Russian forces entered the Northeast and the Northeast formally entered the modern colonial period, but the primitive economic system did not change. Until the opening of Yingkou in 1861, the natural economic system transformed into commodity economy, which led to the development of commodity trade in Northeast China. Northeast China has its special colonial nature. In a short period of time, it has experienced three colonial stages of Russian occupation, Russian-Japanese opposition and Japanese occupation, and has become a special region of multi-forces struggle. The three cultures of China, Russia and Japan collided with each other to contain each other, which created a special historical period and a unique social environment in modern Northeast China. The complex and pluralistic culture gave birth to a large number of colonial architecture with Chinese and Western characteristics. As one of the most special public buildings, the bank, with its deep financial resources and the support of the government, often integrates the most advanced design ideas and the most advanced building technology, which can represent the highest level of architectural development in this special period. Therefore, in order to deeply understand the history of architectural development in this particular region and under the special historical background, we select the modern banking architecture in Northeast China as the research object, collect and read the historical documents, and carry out a large number of field investigations at the same time. Finally, the original research results are presented in the form of text, chart, self-drawing model and so on. This study classifies the background, distribution characteristics and architectural elements of the banking architecture in the modern period of Northeast China, sorting out the general situation of the development of banks in China in different time and different regions. The similarities and differences of location distribution and architectural characteristics, and the main factors affecting them are summarized. At the same time, from the perspective of urban development to reposition these important historical relics. In addition, as an important supplement of historical data, this paper will provide a more comprehensive source of information for academic research in the future.
【学位授予单位】：吉林建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TU247.1

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