基于浙江地区的乡村景观营建的整体方法研究

发布时间：2018-08-08 19:54

【摘要】：随着新农村建设、美丽中国、以及新型城镇化的大力推进与发展,乡村的形态、规模、尺度、关系等都在发生着剧变,中国正处于传统乡村景观向现代乡村景观转型的过渡阶段。然而如何顺利转型,实现乡村景观的可持续发展,是目前紧迫而严峻的问题。原因在于,根植于地方自然与文化环境的传统乡村景观,在城市化的建设模式影响之下,正逐渐走向趋同与异化,乡村景观的误读与“建设性破坏”现象愈演愈烈。这一现象表现出当前人们对乡村景观的理解已经脱离了村民、脱离了日常生活,表现出一种零散、片断的概念化符号和形式。另一方面,我们也该意识到,在可持续发展思想、以及较为笼统的乡村建设大框架之下,景观的营建尚缺乏具体可操作的策略与方法指导。基于新形势下乡村景观营建的现实需求以及技术缺失,本研究以问题为导向,以营建方法为切入点,旨在整体把握乡村景观价值与内涵的基础上,结合当前科学的理论方法与技术成果,探讨乡村景观营建因地制宜的决策和具体可操作的整体方法。整体方法以乡村景观综合价值的实现、构成因子的协调与共赢为营建目标。该方法不是全面否定传统、以及既有的规划框架和方法,而是在批判继承的基础上,强调多种因素的协调与有机统一,通过整体设计,力图越过表象误区,重归乡村景观本真,并实现乡村自然、社会与经济的健康平衡发展。论文研究从对浙江省乡村景观建设现状以及国内外研究现状的分析开始,随后通过对乡村景观营建传统方法与既有方法的梳理、分析与反思,提出应将乡村景观置于自然生境、经济生产、居住生活这三方面有着内在紧密关联的要素之中,站在系统、整体的视角下,来把握乡村景观的价值与内涵；继而结合系统论、控制论、景观生态学与生物共生原理,从多维视野中整体地把握系统的构成关系,从内容的系统性、过程的控制性、格局的生态性、利益的共生性四个方面来整合提出了景观营建的整体方法体系；最后,针对这四个方面,结合浙江地区案例与课题组大量规划实践,从村域、村落、宅院三个层级,进一步探讨了一套具体可操作的营建策略与方法。研究认为,乡村景观就是一个生命系统,经过长久的自然演化,有其自身的合理逻辑、严密构造,从而获得了丰富的地域性特征。因此乡村景观营建整体方法的立足点并不是发明一套方法或策略,而是倡导向乡村学习,以设计的眼光重新去发现、去提升,以新的价值观和方法论,引导乡村景观系统在经济与社会转型时期健康、平衡发展。
[Abstract]:With the construction of the new countryside, the beautiful China, and the vigorous promotion and development of the new urbanization, the form, scale, scale and relationship of the countryside are all undergoing dramatic changes. China is in the transition from traditional rural landscape to modern rural landscape. However, how to transform smoothly and realize the sustainable development of rural landscape is an urgent and severe problem. The reason is that the traditional rural landscape rooted in the local natural and cultural environment is gradually converging and dissimilating under the influence of the construction mode of urbanization, and the phenomenon of misreading and "constructive destruction" of the rural landscape is becoming more and more serious. This phenomenon shows that the current understanding of the rural landscape has been divorced from the villagers, from the daily life, showing a piecemeal, piecemeal conceptualization of symbols and forms. On the other hand, we should realize that under the thought of sustainable development and the general framework of rural construction, the landscape construction is still lack of concrete operational strategy and method guidance. Based on the realistic demand of rural landscape construction and the lack of technology under the new situation, this study takes the problem as the direction and the construction method as the breakthrough point, aiming at grasping the value and connotation of the rural landscape as a whole. Combined with the current scientific theory and technical achievements, this paper discusses the decision-making and the concrete and operable whole method of the rural landscape construction in accordance with the local conditions. The overall method aims at the realization of the comprehensive value of rural landscape, the coordination and win-win of the constituent factors. This method is not a total negation of tradition, and the existing planning framework and methods, but on the basis of critical inheritance, emphasizes the coordination and organic unity of many factors, through the overall design, tries hard to get past the misconception of appearance and return to the rural landscape. And to achieve the rural nature, social and economic development of a healthy balance. This paper begins with the analysis of the present situation of rural landscape construction in Zhejiang Province and the present research situation at home and abroad. Then, through combing, analyzing and reflecting on the traditional and existing methods of rural landscape construction, the author puts forward that the rural landscape should be placed in natural habitat. The three aspects of economic production and living life are closely related to each other. From the perspective of the system and the whole, we can grasp the value and connotation of the rural landscape, and then combine the system theory and the cybernetics. The principle of landscape ecology and biological symbiosis, from the perspective of multi-dimensional view of the overall grasp of the system's composition, from the content of the system, the process of control, the ecology of the pattern, Four aspects of symbiosis of interests to integrate the landscape construction of the overall method system; finally, in view of these four aspects, combined with the Zhejiang region cases and a large number of planning practice, from the village, house three levels, Furthermore, a set of practical construction strategies and methods are discussed. It is believed that the rural landscape is a life system. After a long period of natural evolution, it has its own rational logic and strict structure, thus obtaining rich regional characteristics. Therefore, the foothold of the holistic approach to rural landscape construction is not the invention of a set of methods or strategies, but the advocacy of learning from the countryside, rediscovering it with a design vision, promoting it, and using new values and methodologies. Guide the rural landscape system in the economic and social transition period healthy and balanced development.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU982.29

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