基于绿地生态网络构建的北京市绿地体系发展战略研究

发布时间：2018-08-13 20:34

【摘要】：在快速城镇化的背景下,全球城镇人口不断增加,土地、交通、人居环境等问题使得城乡矛盾日益凸显,城市环境承载力不堪重负。中国正处在城镇化的关键时期,生态环境与城市建设二者间的矛盾是城市发展中不可回避的重要问题,风景园林及城市规划学科有责任承担起解决好城市人居环境及城市生态空间发展的重任。绿地是城市生态安全、人居环境的保障,对城镇绿地系统的研究是解决城市人居环境问题的关键。生态网络思想起源于19世纪,绿地生态网络源于城市绿地系统化、网络化的发展以及绿道等概念的延伸,它被广泛应用于城镇绿地系统规划中,形成绿地生态网络化的规划方法。目前,绿地生态网络概念及规划方法不断发展,已经在许多发达国家的城市和地区被广泛应用实践,并在控制城市无序扩张和解决城镇化问题等方面有效果显著。本文基于对绿地生态网络的理论和实践研究,对北京绿地体系网络化发展进行战略性探索实践。通过国内外典型城市案例的分析研究,结合生态网络思想,总结提出城镇绿地生态网络的规划方法。以北京市为例,剖析北京绿地生态格局演变与城市形态发展,指出构建绿地生态网络的城镇绿地体系发展新方向,提出北京绿地生态网络预案,该网络方案为正确引导北京城市空间发展,保障北京生态安全,提高北京人居环境质量提供有效途径。希望以此为中国城镇绿地体系发展开辟新的发展方向和思路,引导我国城镇绿地走向整体性、系统性、网络化、高效能化的规划发展模式；为中国城镇绿地生态网络建设研究提供理论框架和实践参考。主要研究内容及成果如下：首先,本文通过对绿地生态网络进行研究综述,辨析相关概念及理论,界定了绿地生态网络的定义及内涵,并总结其结构及其功能。通过梳理国内外典型城市案例的绿地生态网络演化发展历程,分析其绿地与城市空间形态的关系,提出中国城市绿地建设的问题,并指出未来城镇绿地系统化、网络化的发展方向,总结可借鉴的经验。其二,对比研究北京生态格局演变的历史与现状,指出北京生态格局现存的主要问题。分析研究北京绿地空间结构,指出现阶段北京绿地规划建设存在的主要问题。论证北京市构建绿地生态网络的可行性与必要性,提出北京理想生态空间格局,以及未来北京绿地体系发展的具体需求。其三,基于上述研究总结了绿地生态网络的规划方法,并运用该方法重点对北京绿地生态网络中的生态节点、生态廊道、网络模型进行分析确定,提出北京绿地生态网络发展战略方案。在绿地生态网络理论方法的指导下提出对北京绿地生态网络初步初步构想,并运用GIS、FRAGSTATS等技术对网络化后的北京生态空间进行景观格局分析,论证方案的优越性以及该构建方法的合理性。最后,对未来中国绿地建设发展将面临问题进行了讨论,并对绿地生态网络在城镇绿地中的应用和研究工作进行展望。希望通过本研究,引起社会对城市生态环境的关注,对城市绿地建设的重视,对绿地生态网络规划途径的认识。期待利用绿地生态网络这一绿地体系发展的新型模式使目前的城市生态安全、人居环境问题得到切实有效的解决,最终实现城市可持续发展。
[Abstract]:Under the background of rapid urbanization, the increasing population of cities and towns in the world, land, transportation, human settlements and other issues make the contradiction between urban and rural areas increasingly prominent, urban environmental carrying capacity can not bear the heavy burden.China is in the critical period of urbanization, the contradiction between ecological environment and urban construction is an unavoidable important issue in urban development, landscape. Landscape architecture and urban planning are responsible for solving the problems of urban human settlements and urban ecological space. Green space is the guarantee of urban ecological security and human settlements. The study of urban green space system is the key to solving the problems of urban human settlements. Green space systematization, development of network and extension of Greenway are widely used in urban green space system planning, forming green space ecological network planning method. At present, the concept and planning method of green space ecological network is developing continuously, and has been widely applied in many developed countries'cities and regions, and in the control city. The problem of disorderly expansion of cities and solving the problem of urbanization has achieved remarkable results.
Based on the theory and practice of green space ecological network, this paper makes a strategic exploration and Practice on the development of green space network in Beijing. Through the analysis and study of typical urban cases at home and abroad, combined with the idea of ecological network, the planning method of urban green space ecological network is summarized and put forward. Taking Beijing as an example, the ecological pattern of green space in Beijing is analyzed. Evolution and development of urban morphology are pointed out. The new direction of urban green space system development is pointed out. The plan of Beijing green space ecological network is put forward. The plan provides an effective way to guide the development of Beijing urban space, ensure the ecological security of Beijing and improve the quality of Beijing human settlements. It provides a theoretical framework and practical reference for the study of urban green space ecological network construction in China. The main contents and achievements are as follows:
Firstly, this paper reviews the research of green space ecological network, analyzes the related concepts and theories, defines the definition and connotation of green space ecological network, and summarizes its structure and function. The problems of urban green space construction in China are pointed out, and the development direction of urban green space systematization and networking in the future is pointed out.
Secondly, the paper compares the history and present situation of Beijing's ecological pattern evolution, points out the main problems existing in Beijing's ecological pattern, analyzes the spatial structure of Beijing's green space, points out the main problems existing in the planning and construction of Beijing's green space at present, demonstrates the feasibility and necessity of Beijing's green space ecological network construction, and puts forward the ideal ecological space in Beijing. And the future needs of Beijing's green space system.
Thirdly, based on the above research, the planning method of green space ecological network is summarized, and the ecological node, ecological corridor and network model of Beijing green space ecological network are analyzed and determined with this method, and the development strategy of Beijing green space ecological network is put forward. The preliminary conception of ecological network was put forward, and the landscape pattern of Beijing ecological space after network was analyzed by using GIS, FRAGSTATS and other technologies. The superiority of the scheme and the rationality of the construction method were demonstrated.
Finally, the paper discusses the problems that China's green space construction and development will face in the future, and looks forward to the application and research work of green space ecological network in urban green space. With the green space ecological network, a new model of green space system development, the problems of urban ecological security and human settlement environment can be effectively solved, and ultimately the sustainable development of the city can be realized.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU985.2

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