大型公共项目可持续性的评价分析研究

发布时间：2018-08-14 10:57

【摘要】：大型公共项目是改善国民生活质量的重要手段，承担着为整个社会生产和提供公共物品和服务的重要任务，是建筑行业中的标杆项目。我国顺应国际潮流和现实需要，将可持续发展作为建筑业的发展目标和方向，但当前相关的实践情况却并不乐观。大型公共项目，，特别是非经营性大型公共项目在可持续性上的表现不尽如人意，在决策、投资、建设和使用的过程中陆续出现一些问题。因此，如何科学地评判大型公共项目的可持续性，改善和提高项目的可持续性也就成为一个亟待解决的问题。对这一问题的回答将有助于提升整个建筑业的可持续性表现，有助于集约和合理利用公共资源，进而为当前和谐社会和“两型”社会的建设过程贡献力量。本文选取投资额度巨大、社会影响深远、行业示范性强的大型公共项目为研究对象，在考虑利益相关者诉求的基础上，将大型公共项目的全寿命周期分为决策、设计、建设、运营和退出使用等五个阶段，从六个维度即经济维度、环境维度、社会维度、资源利用维度、健康与安全维度以及项目治理维度，结合大型公共项目的可持续性在各个维度中的特点对其进行计量，并对其可持续性的改善进行相关探讨。本文研究内容的实施严格以提出研究问题的逻辑为思维指导，按照“选题动机——大型公共项目全寿命周期的可持续性是什么——如何在全寿命周期中评价和改善大型公共项目的可持续性——总结”的思路开展研究。在理论方面，以全寿命周期理论和生物学中的共生理论为指导，提出“需求—过程—结果”的分析模式以及“需求—目标—约束”的大型公共项目可持续性发展和实现的内在机制，并应用解析结构模型ISM的方法，对可持续性六个维度的内在关系进行探索和分析，发现项目治理和资源利用有着最为基础和重要的作用，在维度体系中二者的驱动力达到40%，依赖性仅为8%；经济维度、环境维度和社会维度受其他维度的影响较大，依赖性总和达到72%，而它们对其他维度的作用并不十分显著，三者的驱动力总和也仅为44%；而健康与安全对其他维度的驱动作用和受其他维度的影响程度相当。同时，大型公共项目的可持续性在决策阶段侧重实现决策的公开透明和科学合理，在设计阶段侧重实现可持续性的设计，在建设阶段满足可持续建造和绿色施工的要求，在运营阶段的工作需要满足可持续生产的要求，侧重于绿色建筑的范畴，退出使用阶段的工作在实现绿色施工的基础上，强调循环再生型回收方式的使用。在评价方法和模型方面，本文通过计算各维度可持续性评价结果的算术平均值之和来评价大型公共项目整体的可持续性，并将可持续性的六个维度分为了定量维度和定性维度。对于定量维度，应用项目财务净现值率评价经济维度的可持续性，选用生态足迹分析法评价环境维度的可持续性。对于定性维度，本文建立了各维度可持续性的评价指标体系，并选用不同的综合评价方法将定性问题进行定量化转换：在使用熵权法计算指标权重的基础上，应用灰色聚类分析评价社会维度的可持续性，应用云模型评价资源利用维度的可持续性，选择模糊综合评价法评价健康与安全维度的可持续性，使用可拓综合评价法评价项目治理维度的可持续性。这些评价方法和模型组成了本文大型公共项目可持续性的综合评价体系。在应用方面，本文在对大型公共项目各维度和整体可持续性的评价方法建模的同时，针对影响可持续性的因素进行了一些假设，通过公式推导和理论分析检验了这些假设的真伪。在此基础上，再结合现实情况和问题，本文针对大型公共项目可持续性的各维度提出了可持续性改善的具体途径，并从外部环境方面提出了改善大型公共项目整体可持续性的方法。最后，通过对广州某亚运项目的案例研究，展示了大型公共项目可持续性综合评价体系的使用方法，表明了它们能够比较客观地反应评价对象的情况。同时本文应用大型公共项目可持续性的改善途径，针对该项目提出了具体的可持续性改善办法。案例研究结果显示，该亚运项目的可持续性通过改善措施得到了显著的提高。案例研究是对本文理论、模型和分析的证明。基于上述的研究内容和结果，本文发现，以共生理论为支撑的大型公共项目可持续性的内在机制提供了基础，评价维度的内在关系有助于利益相关者更好地把握工作重点，而大型公共项目可持续性的综合评价体系和改善途径是评价和改善大型公共项目可持续性的科学、有效的工具。本文在理论上探索了大型公共项目可持续性的内涵和构成，在实践上提供了可操作性较强的大型公共项目可持续性的评价与改善的方法。
[Abstract]:Large-scale public projects are important means to improve the quality of life of the people, undertaking the important task of producing and providing public goods and services for the whole society, and are the benchmark projects in the construction industry. However, it is not optimistic. The sustainability of large-scale public projects, especially non-profit large-scale public projects, is unsatisfactory. Some problems have arisen in the process of decision-making, investment, construction and use. Therefore, how to scientifically evaluate the sustainability of large-scale public projects, improve and enhance the sustainability of projects has become one. The answer to this question will help to enhance the sustainability of the entire construction industry, help to intensive and rational use of public resources, and thus contribute to the construction of a harmonious society and a "two-oriented" society.
This paper chooses large-scale public projects with huge investment quota, far-reaching social impact and strong industry demonstration as the research object. On the basis of considering the demands of stakeholders, it divides the whole life cycle of large-scale public projects into five stages: decision-making, design, construction, operation and withdrawal from use. From six dimensions, namely, economic dimension, environmental dimension, and society. Meetings dimension, resource utilization dimension, health and safety dimension, and project governance dimension, combined with the sustainability of large-scale public projects in each dimension of the characteristics of its measurement, and the improvement of its sustainability are discussed. The motive of choosing topic-what is the sustainability of the life cycle of large-scale public projects-how to evaluate and improve the sustainability of large-scale public projects in the life cycle-summarize the idea of carrying out research.
In theory, under the guidance of life cycle theory and Symbiosis Theory in biology, this paper puts forward the analysis model of "demand-process-result" and the internal mechanism of sustainable development and Realization of "demand-goal-constraint" large-scale public projects, and applies the method of analytical structure model ISM to six dimensions of sustainability. By exploring and analyzing the intrinsic relationship between project governance and resource utilization, we find that project governance and resource utilization play the most fundamental and important roles. The driving force of the two dimensions is 40% and the dependence is only 8%. Economic dimension, environmental dimension and social dimension are greatly influenced by other dimensions, and the total dependence is 72%. However, they do other dimensions. The total driving force of these three factors is only 44%, while the driving effect of health and safety on other dimensions is comparable to that of other dimensions. It is designed that the construction phase meets the requirements of sustainable construction and green construction, the operation phase needs to meet the requirements of sustainable production, focusing on the category of green buildings, and the withdrawal phase emphasizes the use of recycling recycling methods on the basis of green construction.
In terms of evaluation methods and models, this paper evaluates the overall sustainability of large-scale public projects by calculating the sum of the arithmetic mean values of the results of each dimension, and divides the six dimensions of sustainability into quantitative dimension and qualitative dimension. For the qualitative dimension, this paper establishes the evaluation index system of the sustainability of each dimension, and uses different comprehensive evaluation methods to quantify the qualitative problem: on the basis of using entropy weight method to calculate the index weight, the grey clustering analysis is used to evaluate the qualitative dimension. The sustainability of the dimension of price society is evaluated by cloud model, the sustainability of the dimension of resource utilization is evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and the sustainability of the dimension of project governance is evaluated by extension comprehensive evaluation method. Comprehensive evaluation system.
In the aspect of application, while modeling the evaluation methods of various dimensions and overall sustainability of large-scale public projects, this paper makes some assumptions about the factors that affect sustainability, and tests the authenticity of these assumptions through formula deduction and theoretical analysis. Each dimension of project sustainability puts forward specific ways to improve sustainability, and puts forward methods to improve the overall sustainability of large-scale public projects from the external environment.
Finally, through a case study of an Asian Games project in Guangzhou, the paper shows the use method of the comprehensive evaluation system of the sustainability of large-scale public projects, and shows that they can objectively reflect the situation of the evaluation objects. The results of the case study show that the sustainability of the Asian Games project has been significantly improved through the improvement measures. The case study is the proof of the theory, model and analysis of this paper.
Based on the above research contents and results, this paper finds that the symbiosis theory provides the basis for the internal mechanism of the sustainability of large-scale public projects, and the internal relationship of evaluation dimension helps stakeholders to better grasp the focus of work, while the comprehensive evaluation system and improvement approach of the sustainability of large-scale public projects are evaluation and improvement. This paper theoretically explores the connotation and composition of the sustainability of large-scale public projects, and in practice provides an operable method for the evaluation and improvement of the sustainability of large-scale public projects.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU201.5;TU71

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