徽州古民居宅园景观特征研究

发布时间：2018-08-26 07:36

【摘要】：徽州古民居是徽州古村三绝中数量最多的一种类型,是徽州人日常生活和娱乐、休憩之处。在徽文化的影响下,徽州古民居以其特有的生活情感、宗法意识、地域特点和艺术风格,创造出浓郁独特的历史文化氛围,追求简单、素雅、悠闲的人居环境,并且表现出园林化发展的趋势。徽州古民居宅园是指依附于宅居建筑或者由建筑包围的附属绿地、庭院绿地以及宅居内部较为完整的园林化环境,是与古徽州人日常生活联系最为紧密的一种园林类型,也是徽州园林的精粹。由于徽州本身独特的自然地理环境和对家庭宗族制度和儒家伦理的强化,使徽州古民居宅园产生了与苏州园林等其它江南古典园林迥然不同的文化风貌。它追求严谨规整,更多地体现了儒家伦理的有序、敦厚,着重于表现人工控制下的秩序美,处处都蕴含着一种“理趣”。这种独特的造园风格是通过空间布局及实体构景元素等具体的造园艺术手段来实现的。徽州古民居宅园以徽州美丽的自然山水和厚重的文化底蕴为创作背景和灵感的源泉,不论在其空间布局还是构景要素上都体现了古徽州人的生活方式和内心秉持的伦理准则,更揭示出其空间形态下所蕴含的深层次的文化精神和审美价值。本文以徽州地区(原“一府六县”)以及部分周边皖南地区同根同源的徽州古民居宅园为研究对象,对皖南宏村、西递、屏山、南屏等村落的民居宅园进行实地调研和测绘,分别从宅园的形成背景、空间布局、景观构成要素和深层次的文化内涵等方面进行研究分析和归纳总结,旨在探索出徽州古民居宅园的造园艺术特征。首先,文章第一部分是绪论部分,对相关概念进行了解析和界定;第二部分梳理了徽州古民居宅园的历史进程,并分析了它的形成背景和影响因素;第三部分从宅园的空间形态、空间构成、空间处理手法和空间形成类型等四个方面分析了徽州古民居宅园的空间布局特点;第四部分从理水、山石、建筑及装饰、花木盆景等四个方面分析了徽州古民居宅园的景观构成要素特征;第五部分探讨了徽州古民居宅园空间形态下所蕴含的深层次的文化内涵;最后,文章第六部分探讨了徽州古民居宅园景观对现代居住景观规划设计的启示。本文以徽州古民居宅园为研究对象,对其造园艺术特征进行深入研究分析,不仅有利于加深人们对徽州古民居及其宅园的了解,充实徽州园林研究体系中宅园部分的研究内容,还可以为现代居住景观规划设计提供理论指导。然而,徽州古民居宅园毕竟是封建社会等级制度下的产物,因此,今天我们所谓的借鉴应当在批判与继承的双重层面上展开,做到取其精华,弃其糟粕。
[Abstract]:Huizhou ancient residence is one of the most numerous ancient villages in Huizhou. It is the place of daily life, entertainment and recreation of Huizhou people. Under the influence of Hui culture, Huizhou ancient folk houses created a rich and unique historical and cultural atmosphere with their unique feelings of life, patriarchal clan consciousness, regional characteristics and artistic style, and pursued a simple, elegant and leisurely living environment. And show the trend of garden development. Huizhou ancient dwelling garden is a garden type which is closely related to the daily life of ancient Huizhou people. It refers to the attached green space attached to or surrounded by the building, the courtyard green space and the relatively complete garden environment inside the dwelling house, which is closely related to the daily life of the ancient Huizhou people, and the garden is a kind of garden which is closely related to the daily life of the ancient Huizhou people. Huizhou is also the essence of the garden. Due to the unique natural geographical environment of Huizhou and the strengthening of family clan system and Confucian ethics, Huizhou ancient dwelling garden has produced a cultural style which is very different from other classical gardens in the south of the Yangtze River, such as Suzhou garden. It pursues preciseness and regularity, embodies the order of Confucian ethics, and emphasizes the beauty of order under manual control, which contains a kind of "rational interest" everywhere. This unique style of gardening is realized through space layout and physical landscape elements. Huizhou ancient dwelling garden takes Huizhou's beautiful natural landscape and thick cultural background as the source of creation and inspiration, which embodies the ancient Huizhou people's way of life and the ethical norms of their heart, both in their spatial layout and in the elements of their construction. It also reveals the deep cultural spirit and aesthetic value contained in its spatial form. This article takes Huizhou area (former "one government six counties") and some neighboring Wannan area homologous Huizhou ancient folk residence garden as the research object, carries on the field investigation and the survey to the village residence garden of the south Anhui Hongcun, Xidi, Pingshan, Nanping and so on. Respectively from the formation background, spatial layout, landscape elements and cultural connotations of the residential garden from the aspects of research and summary, in order to explore the ancient Huizhou residential garden artistic characteristics. First, the first part of the article is the introduction part, the related concepts are analyzed and defined; the second part combs the historical process of Huizhou ancient residence garden, and analyzes its forming background and influencing factors. The third part analyzes the space layout characteristics of Huizhou ancient dwelling garden from four aspects: space form, space constitution, space processing technique and space formation type, the fourth part analyzes the space layout characteristics of Huizhou ancient residence garden from the aspects of water, mountain and stone, architecture and decoration, etc. The landscape elements of Huizhou ancient dwelling garden are analyzed in four aspects: the fifth part discusses the deep cultural connotation of Huizhou ancient dwelling garden. The sixth part discusses the inspiration of Huizhou ancient dwelling garden landscape to modern residential landscape planning and design. This article takes the Huizhou ancient dwelling garden as the research object, carries on the thorough research and the analysis to its garden art characteristic, not only is advantageous to the people to deepen the understanding to the Huizhou ancient folk house and its residence garden, enriches the Huizhou garden research system in the residence garden part research content. It can also provide theoretical guidance for modern residential landscape planning and design. However, Huizhou ancient dwelling garden is the product of feudal social hierarchy system after all. Therefore, today's so-called reference should be carried out on the dual level of criticism and inheritance, so as to take its essence and discard its dross.
【学位授予单位】：南京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU241.5;TU986.58

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