中国传统蛋清灰浆的应用历史和科学性

发布时间：2018-08-31 16:58

【摘要】：蛋清灰浆是一种传统有机-无机复合灰浆,在中国古代应用广泛,主要用于三合土建筑、砖石砌筑、泥塑彩绘壁画等方面,与糯米灰浆、桐油灰浆、血料灰浆等共同构成了具有中国特色的古代建筑胶凝材料体系.研究这一人工复合材料的应用历史和科学性无疑可对中国古代建筑史和科技史起到丰富和补充作用.研究发现,将蛋清加入石灰、黏土等无机物浆体中时,会产生一系列物理化学作用,如加气作用、黏接作用、杀菌作用和防水作用等,其作用机理与蛋白质分子及水化产物的界面活性作用有关,也与生物矿化的模板调控作用有关.运用化学检测和酶联免疫检测分析方法,在149处古建筑及遗迹的灰浆样品中发现含有蛋白质成分的有32个以上,充分说明蛋白质类灰浆应用广泛和历史久远的事实,同时也为文物建筑维修保护方案设计提供了参考资料.
[Abstract]:Egg white mortar is a traditional organic-inorganic composite mortar, widely used in ancient China, mainly used in the construction of Sanhe, masonry, clay painted murals and other aspects, and glutinous rice mortar, tung oil mortar, The blood mortar and so on constitute the ancient architectural cementitious material system with Chinese characteristics. The study of the application history and scientific nature of this artificial composite can undoubtedly enrich and supplement the history of architecture and science and technology in ancient China. It was found that when the egg white was added to the slurry, such as lime and clay, a series of physical and chemical effects, such as aeration, bonding, bactericidal and waterproof, were produced. The mechanism is related to the interfacial activity of protein molecules and hydration products, and also to the template regulation of biomineralization. By means of chemical detection and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa), more than 32 samples containing protein were found in 149 ancient buildings and traces of mortar, which fully shows the fact that protein mortar is widely used and has a long history. At the same time, it also provides reference for the design of maintenance and protection scheme of cultural relic buildings.
【作者单位】：浙江大学文物与博物馆学系;浙江大学化学系;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划(批准号:2012BAK14B05) 国家文物局“指南针计划”(批准号:[2011]1806)资助项目
【分类号】：TU52

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