城市低影响开发技术及其效应研究

发布时间：2018-09-07 19:33

【摘要】：随着城市化进程的不断加快，大量的耕地、森林等天然透水地面被城市建筑物、道路、公共空间等不透水面代替，导致城市不透水地面急剧增加，进而改变了天然状态下的水文机制和水文循环，并引发了一系列城市水环境问题。末端治理为主的传统城市雨洪管理技术已经不能满足现代城市可持续发展的要求，以生态系统为根基，，强调自然做功，倡导城市与自然共生的城市低影响开发（Low Impact Development, LID）理念展现出强大的优势，为解决我国城市内涝灾害和水环境问题提供了新的思路。本文分析了城市化带来的水环境问题以及城市内涝灾害愈加严重的原因，通过评述LID的内涵、核心思想以及特点，对比分析了LID与传统雨洪管理技术及BMPs之间的区别，得出LID是一种更经济、更简单、更环保、景观化的雨洪管理技术；在深入研究LID典型技术措施构造和建造方法的基础上，运用SWMM模型模拟分析了典型城市化用地、天然土地、LID三种用地布局的径流系数、洪峰出现时间等指标的变化过程，得出：随着城市化程度的提高，径流系数呈增大趋势；城市化显著增加了区域径流量，且使得径流峰值明显变大和出现时间提前，添加LID措施的用地布局能有效消纳径流、削减洪峰，且对小强度降雨事件响应更强烈；不同类型LID布局措施模拟结果表明，集成化（HSQ3，雨水花园+透水铺装）调控措施效果最为明显，且在P=0.1a、P=2a时，径流历时曲线与未开发利用土地情景基本重合，证明集成化、系统化的LID布局措施较单项技术措施的雨洪调控效果更显著。根据模型模拟结果针对性的研究了美国普吉特海湾地区集成化、系统化的LID措施布局，为我国开展系统化、集成化、法规化的LID综合管理实践提供参考。综合分析研究表明，低影响开发技术对于改善我国城市开发管理现状，提高城市开发水平具有重要的理论意义和实践价值；SWMM模型对于低影响开发效应的集成化、系统化分析具有重要的应用价值。
[Abstract]:With the continuous acceleration of urbanization, a large number of farmland, forests and other natural permeable surface are replaced by urban buildings, roads, public space and other impervious water surface, resulting in a rapid increase in urban impervious surface. Thus, the hydrological mechanism and hydrological cycle in natural state are changed, and a series of urban water environmental problems are caused. The traditional urban rain and flood management technology based on terminal management can no longer meet the requirements of the sustainable development of modern cities. It is based on the ecosystem and emphasizes the work done by nature. The concept of urban low impact development (Low Impact Development, LID), which advocates the symbiosis between city and nature, shows strong advantages and provides a new way to solve the problems of urban waterlogging and water environment in China. This paper analyzes the water environment problems brought by urbanization and the causes of the increasingly serious urban waterlogging disaster. By commenting on the connotation, core ideas and characteristics of LID, the differences between LID and traditional rain flood management techniques and BMPs are compared and analyzed. It is concluded that LID is a more economical, simpler, more environmental protection and landscape storm-flood management technology. On the basis of deeply studying the construction and construction methods of typical technical measures of LID, the typical urbanization land is simulated and analyzed by using SWMM model. The change process of runoff coefficient and Hong Feng's appearance time of three kinds of land distribution of natural land Lid shows that the runoff coefficient increases with the increase of urbanization degree, and urbanization increases the regional runoff, and so on. Moreover, the peak value of runoff is obviously increased and the time of occurrence is advanced. The land layout with LID measures can effectively absorb runoff, reduce Hong Feng, and respond more strongly to small intensity rainfall events. The simulation results of different types of LID layout measures show that, The effect of integrated (HSQ3, Rain Water garden permeable pavement) control measures is the most obvious, and the runoff duration curve basically coincides with the scene of undeveloped land use at P0. 1 a and P0. 2 a, which proves the integration. Systematic LID layout measures are more effective than single technical measures in controlling rain and flood. According to the model simulation results, the integrated and systematic layout of LID measures in Puget Bay area of the United States is studied, which provides a reference for our country to carry out systematic, integrated and legalized LID integrated management practice. The comprehensive analysis shows that the low-impact development technology is of great theoretical significance and practical value for improving the present situation of urban development management and improving the level of urban development in China, and the SWMM model is integrated into the low-impact development effect. Systematic analysis has important application value.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU992;TV213.9

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