基于性能化防火设计方法的商业综合体典型空间防火优化设计研究

发布时间：2018-09-18 15:14

【摘要】：改革开放以来，我国市场经济蓬勃发展，各种类型的商业建筑如雨后春笋般涌现。然而人们在享受高效便捷的购物消费和休闲娱乐的同时，商业综合体及其建筑群的巨大规模、多样功能、众多人数、复杂流线、与城市多层面多点衔接等特点，极大程度地增大了灾害风险，特别是城市和建筑中最易发生的灾种——火灾的风险。传统的建筑防火设计以“条文式”的防火规范为依据，无法满足部分现代商业综合体迅速发展的设计需要，，当因结构、功能、造型等方面的特殊要求，出现现行国家消防技术规范中未明确规定的、现行国家消防技术规范规定的条件不适用的、依照国家消防技术规范进行设计确有困难的情况时，将采取针对性更强、更加先进、经济、合理、有效的性能化防火措施进行建筑和规划设计。与此同时，性能化防火设计方法以其在火灾场景和人员疏散模拟等方面的突出优势，也将被更多地运用于优化“条文式”防火设计规范框架内的规划与建筑方案设计。可见研究大型商业综合体的性能化防火设计措施，并利用性能化防火设计的方法调整优化规划与建筑设计以避免和减轻火灾危害是亟待解决的重要课题。本论文共分为十章，分别介绍了课题的研究背景与意义，国内外商业综合体性能化防火的研究现状，要素构成及火灾危险性，建筑的火灾机理与性能化防火设计参数，五大类商业综合体典型空间的防火优化措施，最后提出结论与展望。本文的核心研究内容是结合商业综合体空间要素构成特征的火灾特点以及建筑防火设计中的三个重要指标（防火分区、疏散距离、疏散宽度），提炼五大类商业综合体的典型空间，即密集空间、竖向贯通空间、超大水平开敞空间、狭长通道空间和地下空间，以建筑学和城市规划学的视角，一方面运用计算机技术，对“超规范”的设计方案进行性能化防火设计安全评价，另一方面对条文式规范框架内的设计方法进行优化。性能化防火策略作为消防设计乃至贯穿整个建筑、规划设计全过程的设计思路，已初步为我们展现出应用领域的美好前景，本文旨在进一步完善和发展以数字技术为基础的性能化防火设计方法，为建筑和城市减灾防灾目标的实现提供更有力的保障。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's market economy has been booming, and various types of commercial buildings have sprung up. However, while people enjoy efficient and convenient shopping, consumption, leisure and entertainment, the huge scale, diverse functions, large number of people, complex streamline, and so on of the commercial complex and its building complex, and so on, link up with the city, and so on. It greatly increases the risk of disasters, especially in cities and buildings, which are the most vulnerable types of disasters-fire risk. The traditional fire protection design of buildings is based on the "article style" fire prevention code, and can not meet the design needs of the rapid development of some modern commercial complexes, because of the special requirements of structure, function, modeling, etc. If the conditions stipulated in the current national fire control technical code are not clearly specified in the current national fire control technical code and the conditions stipulated in the current national fire control technical code are not applicable, if there is a real difficulty in carrying out the design in accordance with the national fire control technical specification, it will be more targeted and advanced. Economical, reasonable and effective performance-based fire prevention measures for building and planning design. At the same time, the performance-based fire prevention design method, with its outstanding advantages in fire scene and personnel evacuation simulation, will also be used to optimize the planning and building scheme design within the framework of the "text" fire prevention design code. Therefore, it is an important task to study the performance-based fire prevention design measures of large-scale commercial complex, and to adjust the optimization planning and building design to avoid and reduce the fire hazard by using the performance-based fire prevention design method. This paper is divided into ten chapters, respectively introduced the research background and significance of the subject, domestic and foreign commercial complex performance fire prevention research status, elements and fire risk, building fire mechanism and performance-based fire prevention design parameters. Five kinds of commercial complex typical space fire prevention optimization measures, finally put forward the conclusion and prospect. The core research content of this paper is to combine the fire characteristics of space elements of commercial complex and three important indexes in building fire prevention design (fire prevention zoning, evacuation distance). The typical spaces of five major types of commercial complexes, namely, dense space, vertical connecting space, large horizontal open space, long and narrow passageway space and underground space, are abstracted from the perspective of architecture and urban planning. On the one hand, computer technology is used to evaluate the safety of performance-based anti-fire design for the design scheme of "supercode"; on the other hand, the design method within the frame of the specification is optimized. Performance-based fire prevention strategy, as the design idea of fire protection design and even the whole building planning and design process, has shown us a bright prospect in the application field. The purpose of this paper is to further improve and develop the performance-based fire prevention design method based on digital technology, and to provide a more effective guarantee for the realization of the goal of disaster reduction and prevention in buildings and cities.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU247;TU998.1

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